【簡(jiǎn)介】現在完成時(shí)是初中英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)之一，是中考英語(yǔ)中考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的重點(diǎn)之一，也是同學(xué)們學(xué)習的難點(diǎn)之一，所以掌握好它是非常重要的。
第一展臺【動(dòng)詞結構】
have / has +過(guò)去分詞
說(shuō)明：第三人稱(chēng)單數用has，其余都用have；規則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式相同，不規則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)不規則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞表。例如：I have already cleaned my bedroom. Jim has heard from his father twice.
第二展臺【句型結構】
肯定句 主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其它
否定句 主語(yǔ) + have / has+ not + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其它
疑問(wèn)句及答語(yǔ) Have / Has + 主語(yǔ) +過(guò)去分詞+ 其它?
Yes, 主語(yǔ)+have / has. No, 主語(yǔ)+have / has not.
第三展臺【信息標志】
現在完成時(shí)常有already, yet, ever, never, just, before, since..., for..., these days等信息提示詞。
第四展臺【用法】
1． 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的某一動(dòng)作對現在造成的影響或結果。 例如：
-Lucy, have you found your ticket?
-Not yet.
2． 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續到現在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續到現在的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：
-Do you know Jack well?
-Certainly. We have been friends since ten years ago.
同學(xué)們，本單元我們開(kāi)始學(xué)習現在完成時(shí)，現在完成的構成是：主語(yǔ)+have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。 你們知道動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是如何構成的嗎？動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構成分兩種情況：規則變化和不規則變化。
１． 規則動(dòng)詞的變化
構成法 例詞
1．一般直接在詞尾加-ed work-worked, open-opened
2．以e 結尾的詞直接加-d live-lived, skate-skated
3．以"輔音字母＋y"結尾的詞，改y為i，再加-ed study-studied, hurry-hurried
4．以"元音字母＋y"結尾的詞，直接加-ed play-played, stay-stayed
5．以重讀閉音節或r 音節結尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped, plan-planned, prefer-preferred
２． 不規則動(dòng)詞的變化，需牢記課本上的不規則動(dòng)詞表。
下面說(shuō)一下規則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞－ed的讀音，只需牢記以下三條規則：
1) 在/t/, /d/后，讀/Ｉd/。例如：start-started /`sta:tId/， need-needed /`ni:dId/
2) 在/p/, /k/, /f/, /t/, /t/, /s/, //, // 等清輔音的后面發(fā)/t/。例如：stop-stopped /st pt/, look-looked /lukt/, laugh-laughed /la:ft/, watch-watched /w t t/, fish-fished /fI t/, notice-noticed /`n utIst/
3) 其它情況下一律發(fā)/d/。例如：answer-answered /`a:ns d/, live-lived /lIvd/
現在完成時(shí)專(zhuān)項訓練
一、 選擇填空。
1. -Where's Mr Zhang?
-He ________ London.
A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to
2. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?
-________ you ________ your homework yet?
A. Do, finish B. Are, finishing
C. Did, finish D. Have, finished
3. The film ____ for half an hour.
A. has begun B. has been begun
C. has been on D. began
4. -Nice to see you. I ________ you for a long time.
-I ________ in Beijing. I've just come back.
A. hadn't seen, am B. haven't seen, was
C. didn't see, will be D. haven't seen, shall be
5. -____ you ______ a wash yet?
-Yes, I ______ a moment ago.
A. Had, had, washed
B. Did, have, washed
C. Have, had, washed
D. Have, had, have washed
二、 根據漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子。
1． 吉姆還沒(méi)有完成他的作業(yè)，所以他不能和朋友一起出去。
Jim ________ ________ his
homework ________, so he ____ ____ out with his friends.
2． 自從1982年以來(lái)我就一直在這所學(xué)校教書(shū)。
I ________ ________ English at this school ________ 1982.
3． --史密斯一家人來(lái)中國有三年了嗎？
--是的。
-______ the Smiths ________ ________China ________three years？
-Yes, they ________.
4． --你到哪兒去了？
--我去圖書(shū)館了。
-Where ______ you ______?
-I __ ____ ________ ______ the library.
5． --她父親入黨多久了？
--已有二十年了。
-How long ______ her father ______ a Party member?
-________twenty years.
參考答案：
一、1-5 DDCBC
二、1. hasn't finished, yet, can't go 2. have taught, since 3. Have, been in, for, have 4. have, been, have been to 5. has, been, For