核心詞匯

1．The movie opens with a____________(場(chǎng)景)in a New York apartment.

2．You mustn’t park here without a parking____________(執照)．

3．The girl is____________(盯著(zhù))at the stranger with her eyes wide open.

4. I have just____________(挑出)a mistake on the front cover of the magazine.

5．Never judge a person only by his clothes and____________(外貌)．

6．The reason he gave to____________(解釋)for his absence was unbelievable.

7．It’s good____________(禮貌)to say goodbye to the host when leaving.

8．It wasn’t a good thing；on the____________it was a huge mistake.

9．Teaching children with special needs requires____________and understanding.She is usually____________with her students and never makes them disappointed.(patience)

10．用adventure的適當形式填空

(1) When you are a child，life is one big____________.

(2)Many young teachers would like to be more__________and creative.

1.scene　2.permit　3.staring　4.spotted　5.appearance 6.account　7.manners　8.contrary　9.patience；patient,10.(1)adventure；(2)adventurous

高頻短語(yǔ)

1．________________ 撫養；培養；教育；提出

2．________________ 前進(jìn)；(用于祈使句)可以；往下說(shuō)

3．________________ 偶然；無(wú)意中；不小心

4．________________ 盯著(zhù)看；凝視

5．________________ 導致；做出解釋

6．________________ 與此相反；正相反

7．________________ 冒險

8．________________ 衣衫襤褸

9．________________ 關(guān)于；至于

10．________________ 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)

1.bring up　2.go ahead　3.by accident　4.stare at 5.account for　6.on the contrary　7.take a chance　8.in rags　9.as for　10.to be honest

重點(diǎn)句式

1．Well，towards nightfall I____________to sea by a strong wind.

嗯，夜晚來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現自己被一陣強風(fēng)刮進(jìn)了海里。

2．The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost____________by a ship.

第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時(shí)候，一艘船發(fā)現了我。

3．And____________brought you to England.

是那艘船把你帶到英國來(lái)的。

4．____________I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.

事實(shí)上我靠做義工來(lái)頂替船費，這就是我衣冠不整的原因。

5．Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here__________you like.

真的，先生，我希望您想來(lái)的時(shí)候，您就來(lái)。

1.found myself carried out　2.when I was spotted　3.it was the ship that　4.The fact is that　5.whenever

知識詳解

1.scene　n．　(戲劇)一場(chǎng)；現場(chǎng)；場(chǎng)面；景色

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]　

①The happy scene of children playing in the garden disappeared，and it was quiet again.

孩子們在花園里高興地玩的場(chǎng)面消失后，花園又安靜了下來(lái)。

②(牛津P1779)Firefighters were on the scene immediately.

消防隊立刻趕到現場(chǎng)。

③They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident.

他們火速趕到交通事故的現場(chǎng)。

【高效記憶】

[易混辨析]

scene，scenery，view

(1)scene指都市景觀(guān)或室內陳設，還可指舞臺場(chǎng)面或部分布景，是可數名詞。

(2)scenery指山河湖海等自然景觀(guān)，也可指舞臺全部，是不可數名詞。

(3)view指從遠處或高處看到的風(fēng)景。

①The night scene in Shanghai is quite beautiful.

②They stopped to admire the scenery of the mountain.

③The view from the top of the hill is wonderful.

[即境活用]　

1．Seeing the happy________of children playing in the park，I’m full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.

A．sight　　　　　　　　　B．scene

C．view D．sign

解析：選B。sight視力，視野；scene 場(chǎng)面，情景，景色；view 觀(guān)點(diǎn)，(從某一角度看到的)風(fēng)景；sign記號，符號，征兆。

2．On the top of Mount Tai，you can get a wonderful________of the sunrise.

A．view B．scene

C．sign D．sight

解析：選A。句意：從泰山山頂，你能看到美麗的日出景色。

2.permit　v．　允許；容許；許可

　　　n．　許可證；執照；通行證

(回歸課本P18)Permit me to lead the way，sir.

先生，請讓我來(lái)帶路吧。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]　

①(牛津P1478)Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.

參觀(guān)者請勿拍照。

②My parents didn’t permit my going with you.

我父母不準我和你一起去。

③We’ll discuss all the questions if time permits.

如果時(shí)間允許，我們將把所有問(wèn)題都討論一下。

④You are not allowed to park here unless you have a permit.

除非你有許可證，否則不許在這里停車(chē)。

[即境活用]　

3．I’m sorry，I can’t give you the telephone number without Mr.Smith’s________.

A．permission　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)llowing

C．a(chǎn)greement D．performance

解析：選A。考查名詞辨析。without one’s permission意為“未經(jīng)某人允許”。

4．She is a very gentle child，so she will never do anything that is not________of by her parents.

A．a(chǎn)dmitted B．reminded

C．permitted D．a(chǎn)pproved

解析：選D。approve of 贊成，稱(chēng)許。admit承認；remind提醒；permit允許，都為及物動(dòng)詞，后無(wú)需再加of，故排除。

3.fault　n．　責任；過(guò)錯；缺點(diǎn)

vt.　對……挑毛病

(回歸課本P18)It was all my fault.

這都是我的錯。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]　

①(朗文P742)Somehow，people seem to think it’s my fault for letting him in.

不知怎的，人們似乎認為讓他進(jìn)來(lái)是我的過(guò)錯。

② I wonder how they got lost and whose fault it was.

我想知道他們是怎么迷路的，又是誰(shuí)的過(guò)錯。

③He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people.

他是一個(gè)總愛(ài)挑別人毛病的人。

[即境活用]

5．完成句子

(1)我希望你不要再對我做的一切吹毛求疵了。

I wish you’d stop trying to ________ ________ ________ ________ I do.

答案：find fault with everything

(2)從你的文章里我找不到錯誤，它完美無(wú)瑕。

I can’t ________ ________ ________ your paper.It is perfect.

答案：find fault in

4.spot　vt.　發(fā)現；認出

n．　斑點(diǎn)；污點(diǎn)；地點(diǎn)

(回歸課本P18)The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.

第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時(shí)候，一艘船發(fā)現了我。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]　

①(牛津P1946)I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.

我終于在人群中看見(jiàn)了我的朋友。

②(朗文P1987)They offered me a job on the spot.

他們當即給我提供了一份工作。

③(牛津P1946)He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him.

他把他當時(shí)向她求婚的確切地點(diǎn)指給我看。

[即境活用]　

6．我剛剛坐下來(lái)工作就發(fā)現有東西在樹(shù)林里挪動(dòng)。

I had just sat down to work when I________ ________ ________in the trees.

答案：spotted something moving

5.account　vi.& vt.　認為；說(shuō)明；總計有

　　　　n．　說(shuō)明；理由；計算；賬目；報道

(回歸課本P18)The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.

事實(shí)上我靠做義工來(lái)頂替船費，這就是我為什么衣冠不整了。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]　

①(牛津P13)The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.

天氣不好可能是人來(lái)得少的原因。

②(朗文P14)Recent pressures at work may account for Steve’s strange behaviour.

史蒂夫行為奇怪，可能是因為他最近工作上的壓力所致。

③On no account must you tell him the truth.

你決不可以把事實(shí)真相告訴他。

④His exam results were not very good，but we must take his long illness into account.

他的考試成績(jì)不是很好，但我們必須考慮到他曾長(cháng)期生病。

[即境活用]　

7．Even scientists cannot completely________the strange behaviors of animals before an earthquake.

A．a(chǎn)ccount for　　　　　　 B．make for

C．call for D．go in for

解析：選A。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：甚至連科學(xué)家都還不能完全解釋動(dòng)物在地震前的奇怪行為。account for作出解釋。make for有利于；call for需要，要求；go in for從事，參加。

6.bring up　培養；撫養；教育；提出；嘔吐

(回歸課本P17)He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.

他在密西西比河邊的密蘇里州的漢尼拔長(cháng)大。

[歸納拓展]

bring about 引起，產(chǎn)生，帶來(lái)

bring down 使倒下；降低；減少

bring in 引進(jìn)；賺得；收(莊稼)

bring on 引起，導致；使……發(fā)展(或前進(jìn))；提出……供討論

[例句探源]

①(朗文P239)Some people laughed at the idea when I first brought it up.

我第一次把這想法提出來(lái)時(shí)受到一些人的嘲笑。

②(朗文P239)All of our kids were brought up to respect other people.

我們的孩子都被教育要尊敬別人。

③He was born in the country but he was brought up by his aunt in the city.

他出生在鄉下，但是由姑母在城市里撫養長(cháng)大。

④We aim to bring down prices on all our computers.

我們打算降低我們所有計算機的價(jià)格。

[即境活用]

8．用bring about；bring up；bring in填空：

(1)Phelps was____________by his mother after his parents divorced when he was young.

答案：brought up

(2)Science and technology has____________many changes in our hometown.

答案：brought about

(3)The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was____________.

答案：brought in

句型梳理

1【教材原句】　The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.(P18)

第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時(shí)候，一艘船發(fā)現了我。

【句法分析】　had just done...when...剛做完某事，這時(shí)……

be doing...when...正在做……這時(shí)……

be about to do...when...正要做……這時(shí)……

be on the point of doing...when...正要做……這時(shí)……

①He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.

他剛上床睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)電話(huà)響了。

②He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.

他正在讀報，這時(shí)聽(tīng)到有人叫他的名字。

③I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.

我正要出門(mén)，一位不速之客來(lái)訪(fǎng)了。

④She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.

她正要離開(kāi)，這時(shí)我來(lái)了。

[即境活用]　

9．(2010年高考全國卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window________his attention was caught by a bird.

A．when　　　　　　　　 B．if

C．a(chǎn)nd D．till

解析：選A。句意：湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶(hù)，就在這時(shí)一只鳥(niǎo)引起了他的注意。在句式“...be about to do...when...”中，when作并列連詞，相當于and at that time，句中was about to close為標志詞，故答案為A項。

2【教材原句】　Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.(P22)

真的，先生，我希望您想來(lái)的時(shí)候，您就來(lái)。

【句法分析】　whenever 意為“在任何時(shí)候，無(wú)論何時(shí)”。

(1)whenever，wherever，however 引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當于no matter when/where/how。

(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever 既可引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)相當于no matter what/who/which/whom。

(3)however 用作連接副詞，相當于no matter how，引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“不管怎樣……；無(wú)論如何……”，具體結構為：however＋形容詞/副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)。

①Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.

每當我們遇到困難的時(shí)候，他們都會(huì )幫助我們。

②However great the difficulties are，we must complete the task in time.不管困難有多大，我們都必須及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。

③Whatever your problems are，you mustn’t lose heart.

不管你面臨的是什么問(wèn)題，都不要失去信心。

【溫馨提示】　whichever，whatever在句中還可作定語(yǔ)。

④The content is the same whichever book you choose.

不管你選哪一本書(shū)，內容都是一樣的。

[即境活用]　

10．(2010年高考上海卷)________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.

A．However a serious problem

B．What a serious problem

C．However serious a problem

D．What serious a problem

解析：選C。句意：不論你的問(wèn)題有多嚴重，你都應該鼓起勇氣，接受挑戰。考查狀語(yǔ)從句。分析題干可知逗號前是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，what不能用來(lái)引導狀語(yǔ)從句，所以排除B、D兩項；however＋adj.＋a/an＋單數名詞＝whatever＋a/an＋adj.＋單數名詞，故C項正確。

11．(2010年高考安徽卷)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，________they have the interest.

A．wherever　　　　　　　B．whenever

C．even if D．a(chǎn)s if

解析：選C。句意：工程師們如此忙碌，以至于沒(méi)時(shí)間做戶(hù)外活動(dòng)，即使他們對做戶(hù)外活動(dòng)很感興趣。本題考查連詞。even if即使，引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。wherever無(wú)論什么地方；whenever無(wú)論什么時(shí)候；as if好像。

12．(2009年高考陜西卷)The howMto book can be of help to________wants to do the job.

A．who B．whomever

C．no matter who D．whoever

解析：選D。句意：指南類(lèi)的書(shū)對想從事這項工作的任何人都會(huì )有幫助。本題考查名詞性從句。首先排除C項，no matter who只能引導狀語(yǔ)從句；who 表特指；whomever與whoever同樣可以表示任何人，但設空處連接代詞需作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，故排除B項。

13．The magnificent tower must be saved，________ the cost!

A．however B．whichever

C．whatever D．wherever

解析：選C。考查連詞。該句是省略句，省略了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，補充完整就是whatever the cost is，由此可以看出從句中缺少的是表語(yǔ)。whichever表示在特定范圍內選擇，而句中沒(méi)有可供選擇的范圍，所以要用whatever，相當于no matter what，在此引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

倒裝句和強調句

倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結構或強調某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。

完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)之前(是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而非助動(dòng)詞)。

【佳句選粹】

In came the teacher and the class began.

【分析】　句意：老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，然后開(kāi)始上

課。in放于句首，整個(gè)句子用了全部倒裝的形

式，came放到了the teacher之前。

部分倒裝即只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等)放到主語(yǔ)前，或把句子的強調成分提前。

【佳句選粹】

Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday.

【分析】　句意：如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到達那里。此句前半部分省去了If，把were提前。

【佳句選粹】

Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.

【分析】　句意：小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。否定詞放于句首，主句用部分倒裝，did提到了主語(yǔ)little John之前。

強調句是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式，寫(xiě)作中常使用強調

句，常見(jiàn)的有：

【佳句選粹】

It was on Monday night that all this happened.

【分析】　句意：所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。用強調句型：“It is(was)＋被強調成分＋that(who)＋原句其他成分”來(lái)強調說(shuō)話(huà)人的意

愿，強調時(shí)間“on Monday night”。

【佳句選粹】

①He does know the place well.

他的確很熟悉這個(gè)地方。

②Do write to me when you get there.

你到那兒后務(wù)必給我來(lái)信。

【分析】　用助動(dòng)詞“do(does/did)＋動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示強調。

（小周）