牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一（第二講）
【教學(xué)內容與教學(xué)要求】
一、教學(xué)內容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一Unit 1 （下）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．掌握和學(xué)校活動(dòng)有關(guān)的常用單詞、詞組與句型。
2．學(xué)會(huì )用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)通知和海報。
3．語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句（二）
【知識重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習難點(diǎn)】
一、重要單詞：
contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
refer to 指 , function as當作…使用, 具有….的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相關(guān) , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place發(fā)生, make decision作決定, make comparison作比較, take turns輪流, follow the outline按照綱要, be responsible for對…負責, consist of包含,由…構成, come up with想出, base on根據, have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up簽名參加.
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.
我必須在一個(gè)有課桌椅的地方做家庭作業(yè)。
I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.
我不想在桌椅太小的房間里學(xué)習。
第一句里定語(yǔ)從句 that has desks and chairs的關(guān)系代詞that指代主句中的名詞room，作從句的主語(yǔ)；第二句里定語(yǔ)從句where desks and chairs are too small的關(guān)系副詞where 指代主句中的in a room, 在從句中是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。試比較：
This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.
This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.
上一句的beach是北歐人度假的地方，在這個(gè)地方是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕櫚樹(shù)的是beach，它是從句的主語(yǔ)，所有以用關(guān)系代詞that來(lái)指代。
2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases instead.
除此之外，我也許會(huì )只顧看你爸爸書(shū)櫥里的書(shū)，而不是去做作業(yè)。
She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.
她將會(huì )忙著(zhù)看報紙雜志而不是做作業(yè)。
“might be reading”，“will be reading”屬于“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be+doing” 的結構，表示對某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情的預言、推測或期待。例如：
I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作業(yè)時(shí)，我早就會(huì )躺在床上看我喜愛(ài)的足球比賽了。
“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表達完整的意思，“instead of ”則可以在一句話(huà)中表達做了和沒(méi)做的事情。例如：
We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net café instead.
→Instead of going home after school, we went to a net café.
2) Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities.
→Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.
3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.
規劃是指要進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)或要完成任務(wù)的計劃。
劃線(xiàn)部分是不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)，表示要做的事情。
4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.
相當于：If you have more choice (條件狀語(yǔ)從句為一般現在時(shí)), you will make better decision（主句用將來(lái)時(shí)）. 你的選擇越多，最后的決定就越好。“The+比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組，the+另一個(gè)比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組”, 表示“越……就越…..”。
5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.
你的老師收到一位朋友的電子郵件，詢(xún)問(wèn)你們學(xué)校圖書(shū)館里的一本歷史書(shū)。
劃線(xiàn)部分是現在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，補充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)e-mail 的內容。
6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 國際標準圖書(shū)編號
ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）國際標準期刊編號
7．make常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)賓搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、沖咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯錯誤, make trouble惹麻煩, make a suggestion提建議, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼臉, make a decision做決定, make comparasions作比較, make a living謀生, make money掙錢(qián) , make a request提要求, make an application申請。
【寫(xiě)作】通知和海報
通知是上級對下級、組織對成員或平行單位之間部署工作、傳達事情或召開(kāi)會(huì )議等所使用的應用文。以布告形式貼出，把事情通知有關(guān)人員，如學(xué)生、觀(guān)眾等，通常不用稱(chēng)呼；通知要求言簡(jiǎn)意賅、措辭得當、時(shí)間及時(shí)。 例一：布告形式的通知：通常此類(lèi)通知上方正中寫(xiě)Notice或NOTICE（通知），發(fā)出通知的的單位的具體名稱(chēng)可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角處，發(fā)出通知的日期寫(xiě)在左下角處。例如
NOTICE All mumbers of the students’union are requested to meet in the school conference room on Saturday, Sept18th, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of international culture exchanges with New Zealand high school band. Sept.14, 2005
海報的形式和媒體沒(méi)有特殊要求，它要先用簡(jiǎn)明、生動(dòng)的圖文吸引過(guò)往人群的注意力，再以簡(jiǎn)潔扼要的文字、圖表介紹你要向公眾發(fā)布的信息。文字部分一般包括主題句或主題詞和條理清楚、簡(jiǎn)單明了的內容介紹。下面是一個(gè)網(wǎng)上海報，供大家參考：
Make a poster explaining a safety rule. It should give us a good Stay Alert message. If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery.
Mail you poster to:Stay Alert ... Stay SafeP.O. Box 93006,499 Main St. S.Brampton, OntarioL6Y 1N0
【語(yǔ)法】定語(yǔ)從句(2)
1．定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞that、which 用來(lái)指代物，who 、whom和that 用來(lái)指代人，whose用來(lái)表示所屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系副詞when、where和 why指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因。
2．關(guān)系代詞的用法 (1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： All that I have is my love for this land.
There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain. (2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。例如：
The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.
No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours. (3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. (4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數情況下意思是與and this 相似。例如： She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother. (5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著(zhù)眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。 (6) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應該用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you?
(8)關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。例如：
The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.
Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us. As在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法 一. 引導限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 （１）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。 （２）as 也可單獨使用，引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當于which。例如： The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.二．關(guān)系副詞引導的定語(yǔ)從句 1．關(guān)系副詞也可以引導定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where 充當地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當原因狀語(yǔ)。例如：We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.
This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine. 2. that有時(shí)也可引導定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因 That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因，這種定語(yǔ)從句中的that也可以省去。例如：
That is the time(that) he arrives.
That is the reason (that) he came.
【同步練習】
選擇適當的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：
1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.
A. when B. where C. that D. who
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now.A．who B．which C．this D．what
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price C. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As B. It C. That D. Which
10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. same
11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.
A. whose B. of which C. which D. its
12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.
A. what B. which C. that D. when
13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.
A. that B. where C. which D. there
14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. It’s how
17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D.I think which is
18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat .
A. who B. that C. what D. whcih
參考答案
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