參考教案 教學(xué)參考資料 示例三
教學(xué)參考資料(Reference for teaching)
補充注釋?zhuān)ˋdditional notes)
1. Am I late?我遲到了嗎?
英語(yǔ)的late是個(gè)形容詞,一定要與“是”動(dòng)詞(the verb“be”)連用,而在漢語(yǔ)中般不用“是”。類(lèi)似的情況在本單元有十幾個(gè),現分列如下:
be late(L.17) be(too)high(L.19)
be(quite)near/far(L.17) be busy(L.19)
be(all) here(L.17) be hard to reach(L.19)
be strong(er) (L.18) be better(than) (L.19)
be careful (L.19) be green/red (L.19)
be OK (L.19) be (quite) small (L.19)
be dangerous(L.19) be much bigger(L.19)
2. We're all here.我們全在這里。(我們都到齊了。)
注意all的位置在“是”動(dòng)詞后面。
3.There's Meimei!(=Meimei is there!)梅梅在那邊。
這是個(gè)倒裝句:地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)there在前,主語(yǔ)Meimei在動(dòng)詞is的后面。
4.Can you do this“word ladder”? 你能做這個(gè)字梯游戲嗎?
這里把this“word ladder”當成一種游戲,動(dòng)詞用了do。
參考教案 Unit 5 Working hard on the farm 教學(xué)建議 示例三
教學(xué)建議(Suggested teaching notes)
一、教學(xué)內容分析
(一)本單元圍繞做“比較”(Making comparison)這個(gè)題材開(kāi)展多種教學(xué)活動(dòng)。設置的主要情景是吉姆所在班級的學(xué)生去農場(chǎng)摘蘋(píng)果,從集合坐汽車(chē)上農場(chǎng)到摘蘋(píng)果的勞動(dòng)情景。在描述故事的過(guò)程中很自然地運用已知的語(yǔ)言,特別是現在進(jìn)行時(shí),而新的語(yǔ)言主要是有關(guān)勞動(dòng)的詞語(yǔ)和形容詞的比較等級。表示數量的比較要用“多”和“少”。英語(yǔ)形容詞原級為many(多的)或some以及few(少的)。many,some的比較級是more(更多的;較多的),最高級是most(最多的)。這是不規則變化。few的比較級是fewer(更少的;較少的),最高級是fewest(最少的),這是規則變化。這兩個(gè)形容詞的比較等級(見(jiàn)第18課)除了在陳述句、一般疑問(wèn)句中使用外,還可以在以疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)始的選擇疑問(wèn)句中使用。如:
Which bus has fewer/more people, the first or the second?
Who has the most/fewest oranges, Lin Tao, Lucy or Ma Lili?
(二)在語(yǔ)音方面,本單元系統歸納了與[&:, &, +(]有關(guān)的字母及其字母組合的拼讀規則:字母o在開(kāi)音節及st和ld前讀[+(],在閉音節中讀[&];o的字母組合oa和ow讀[+(];字母組合or,ore,oor和our讀[&:];元音字母a在[w]后也讀[&];a的字母組合al和au也讀[&:]。
二、教學(xué)方法建議
(一)看圖學(xué)話(huà)
本單元的內容與上一單元聯(lián)系緊密,是它的繼續。以插圖形式(見(jiàn)第17課和第19課)介紹人們在農場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)的情況。說(shuō)明各種勞動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞及詞組大部分都標在第17課的插圖上。如:pick apples/put them in a basket; hold/climb(up)/come down the ladder; carry a basket/ give the basket to the girl/man; lift a basket on to the truck; work on the truck; work hard.
先利用第17課的插圖,讓學(xué)生初步學(xué)會(huì )其中的動(dòng)詞詞組,然后組織兩人或三人小組用看圖說(shuō)話(huà)的方式說(shuō)明這張插圖的內容。告訴學(xué)生看圖說(shuō)話(huà)或寫(xiě)話(huà)時(shí),動(dòng)詞都用現在時(shí)態(tài),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作時(shí)用現在進(jìn)行時(shí)。本書(shū)教學(xué)步驟介紹了教學(xué)方法。這里,提供更詳細的做法,供教學(xué)進(jìn)度快的班級參考。
教師可以用英語(yǔ)開(kāi)始說(shuō):
Look at the picture. It's a picture of a farm. The people are all working hard on the farm. What is he/she doing? What are the men/women doing? Let's talk about the picture.
接著(zhù)學(xué)生兩人或三人小組開(kāi)展對話(huà)活動(dòng),然后讓幾對學(xué)生給全班表演,介紹全圖。對話(huà)可以是這樣的:
A:I see a boy and two girls there.(插圖的左上角)
B:What's the girl/one of the girls doing?
C:She's picking apples.
A:What's the boy doing?
B:He's carrying a basket of apples in his right hand.
He's giving the basket to the other girl.
C:What's the other girl doing?
A:She's going to carry the basket from the boy.
A:Where's Lin Tao?
B:He's standing on an apple tree.
A:What's he doing?
B:He's picking apples.
A:What about Li Lei?
B:He's picking apples, too.
A:Is he standing on the tree, too?
B:No, he's sitting on it.
A:Let's look at the middle of the picture now.
B:All right. There are three children there.
C:Do you know them?
A:Yes, they are Kate, Jim and Han Meimei.
B:What's Jim doing?
C:He's holding the ladder for Han Meimei.
A:What's Han Meimei doing?
B:She's climbing the ladder.
C:Why is she doing that?
A:She's going to pick apples on/from that tree.
B:What about Kate?
C:She's carrying a basket.
A:Is it a big one?
B:No, it's quite small.
C:Is it empty?
A:No, it's full of apples.
B:Is she going to carry it to the truck?
C:No, I don't think so.
A:What's she going to do then?
B:I think she's going to lift the basket and put the apples in the big basket.
A:Now look at the right side of the picture.
B:How many trucks are there in the picture?
C:Well, three.
A:How many people are there?
B:Let me see/count....There are twelve.
C:Let's talk about them.
A:Four men are working on the two trucks.
B:Four men are carrying baskets to the trucks.
C:Are there any women working there?
A:Yes, four women are lifting baskets of apples on to the trucks.
B:Where's Polly?
C:It's sitting on the third truck.
A:What's it doing?
B:It's saying:“I want an apple.”
C:Is the third truck full of baskets of apples?
A:I'm not sure. I can see only half of it.
完成看圖說(shuō)話(huà)后,可以布置學(xué)生在課堂或回家看圖寫(xiě)話(huà),不必提問(wèn),而用敘述文描寫(xiě)這幅插圖。練習冊第17課練習1的問(wèn)題可以用來(lái)做為看圖寫(xiě)話(huà)的提示。
(二)詞匯教學(xué)
在詞匯方面,hard是個(gè)兼類(lèi)詞,它作為形容詞意思是“困難的”,已在第一冊學(xué)過(guò)。這里學(xué)習它作為副詞,意思是“努力地”,它的比較級為harder,最高級為hardest。本單元還學(xué)兩個(gè)形容詞,都有比較等級,是規則變化,注意它們的拼寫(xiě)和讀音:
strong[str&R] stronger['str&Rg+] strongest['str&Rgist]
busy['bizi] busier['bizi+] busiest['biziist]
在教學(xué)truck(卡車(chē))時(shí),可以復習已學(xué)的交通工具:bus, car, jeep, bike, train, ship和plane。
(三)語(yǔ)音教學(xué)
本單元總結與[&:]、[&]和[(+]三個(gè)元音有關(guān)的拼讀規則。這三個(gè)元音中國學(xué)生會(huì )混淆,可利用下面的音系比較練習,幫助學(xué)生區別這些音素:
[(+] hole bone cold most goat showed
[&:] hall ball call morn gorge short
[&] hot boss cock mop got shot
(四)教詩(shī)歌和謎語(yǔ)
結合本單元在農場(chǎng)摘蘋(píng)果的內容,練習冊第20課練習3編配了一首英語(yǔ)歌曲Picking Apples。書(shū)上只印了一段歌詞,錄音帶里錄了三段。第二段的歌詞是把第一段的It's good to …唱成It's better to…以及把on a fine September day用on a fine October day, an apple用apples, it用them來(lái)唱,其余的詞不變。第三段是把good改為best,把September改為November,把an apple改為apples,把it改為them。這樣可以連唱三段。《閱讀訓練》第19頁(yè)上還有一首短詩(shī)Picking Apples。先默讀,后朗讀,再背誦。另一首短詩(shī)Good, Better, Best在上個(gè)單元已介紹過(guò),現在可讓學(xué)生默讀后背誦。
練習冊第19課練習4是個(gè)謎語(yǔ)(Riddle)。它是個(gè)字謎。在口語(yǔ)錄音帶里錄了音。可放幾遍錄音,配合板書(shū),幫助學(xué)生把這個(gè)詞猜出來(lái)。具體猜法是:第一個(gè)字母在farm中有,而在arm中沒(méi)有,那一定是f。第二個(gè)字母是i,因為在live中有,而在love中沒(méi)有。第三個(gè)字母在best和most中都有,可能是s,也可能是t。在確定最后第4個(gè)字母是h后,才知道第3個(gè)字母是s,不是t,因此謎底是fish不是fith,因為英語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有fith這個(gè)詞。
我們可按上述原理,再編個(gè)字謎。以本單元剛學(xué)的far為謎底。謎面如下:
My first letter is in the word“fat”,but not in“at”.My second letter is in“l(fā)ate”,but not in“l(fā)et”.And my last letter is in“car”and“hard”What's the word?
可以布置學(xué)生課外自編這類(lèi)字謎。在下一堂課上,由幾個(gè)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)出他們編好的字謎,讓全班同學(xué)猜。或在4人小組中相互猜。既復習了詞匯,又練了口語(yǔ)。
教科書(shū)第20課第2部分還有一個(gè)字謎(Word puzzle),由于它的排列形式像個(gè)梯子,稱(chēng)它為word ladder。謎底見(jiàn)教學(xué)步驟第20課第3步。
我們也可自編這種字謎,讓學(xué)生猜,會(huì )提高學(xué)習興趣。下面舉2個(gè)例子:
左邊的字謎中要猜的5個(gè)詞都是本單元的生詞。你可以根據該詞的字母數目以及所提供的其中一個(gè)字母來(lái)猜。先猜已給出第一個(gè)字母的3個(gè)詞。它們是:reach, climb和kilometre。另外兩個(gè)是strong(第1個(gè))和busy(第3個(gè))。
這個(gè)字謎中的5個(gè)詞都有字母組合ar。有3個(gè)詞是本單元學(xué)的,那就是第3個(gè)far,第4個(gè)careful和第5個(gè)hard。在猜第1個(gè)詞時(shí),先在r前寫(xiě)a,構成字母組合ar。然后考慮它前后各有一個(gè)字母,那就是farm。第2個(gè)詞的開(kāi)頭已有字母e,再寫(xiě)上ar,構成字母組合ear,后面還有2個(gè)字母,一定是ly,那末這個(gè)詞就是early。
猜字謎可以作為一種課外活動(dòng)。學(xué)生各自或小組準備,相互猜,最好用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行,即復習了詞匯,特別是它們的拼寫(xiě),又開(kāi)展了口語(yǔ)活動(dòng),一定會(huì )激發(fā)起學(xué)習的興趣。