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語法教案:非謂語動(dòng)詞

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-11-21 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

分類說明

非謂語動(dòng)詞包括三種形式:動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式及動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。所謂非渭語動(dòng)詞,它雖不具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),即在句子中充當(dāng)謂語,但仍然具有動(dòng)詞的特征,即可帶有本身賓語或狀語構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞短語,在句子中作除謂語以外的任何成分。

在非謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)習(xí)中須注意:

1,非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式

不定式的否定式是在不定式to前加not,如:not to go there;動(dòng)詞-ing形式及過去分詞的否定式是在動(dòng)詞-ing形式及過去分詞之前加not,如:not knowing about it,not having got it。not informed。

2.非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語

動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語時(shí),可以沒有自己的主語,也可帶有自己的主語。動(dòng)詞不定式的主語一般用介詞for/of接代詞的賓格或名詞,成為It’s +adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.形式;動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的主語一般用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格。

動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語時(shí),它們的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語。但

動(dòng)詞的-ing形式可以有自己的邏輯主語,其形式一般為代詞的賓格、名詞的普通格名詞的所有格。

動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的.ing形式及動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作狀語時(shí),它們的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語。當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是句子主語發(fā)出的時(shí),用主動(dòng)形式;當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是句子主語所承受的時(shí),用過去分詞、不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的被動(dòng)形式;當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的.ing形式或過去分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時(shí),前面可用代詞的主格或名詞的普通格作邏輯主語,從而形成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的.ing形式及動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作狀語時(shí),有的已經(jīng)從非謂語動(dòng)詞中游離出來而成為固定的短語,從而沒有自己的邏輯主語,如:judging by/from,provided/providing,given,to be true,tell you the truth,let alone…

3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞不定式一般表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后的事情,若要表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前的事情,須用不定式的完成式;動(dòng)詞的-ing形式一般表與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,若要表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前的事情,須用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的完成式。

4.非謂語動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)用

(1)作主語:動(dòng)詞不定式作主語表示特定的、一次性的事情;動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性或職業(yè)性的事情。

(2)作賓語:熟悉并掌握哪些動(dòng)詞接不定式作賓語;哪些動(dòng)詞或短語接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語;哪些動(dòng)詞或短語既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語。need,want,require接動(dòng)詞的.ing形式作賓語,表被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于接不定式的被動(dòng)形式。

(3)作表語:動(dòng)詞不定式表示某一特定的行為,尤其是將來的行為或有待于實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為;動(dòng)詞的-ing形式并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,而只說明動(dòng)作的名稱。

(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:熟悉并掌握哪些動(dòng)詞或短語接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語;哪些動(dòng)詞或短語接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語;哪些動(dòng)詞或短語既可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式又可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語;何時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,何時(shí)用被動(dòng)形式或過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

(5)作定語:A.注意非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式:不定式作定語一般用主動(dòng)式,只有當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語或賓語時(shí),才用被動(dòng)式;動(dòng)詞的一ing形式、過去分詞作定語時(shí),如果動(dòng)作是所修飾的詞發(fā)出的,就用動(dòng)詞的.ing形式;如果動(dòng)作是所修飾的詞承受的,就用過去分詞。B.非謂語動(dòng)詞的位置:不定式、動(dòng)詞的.ing形式及過去分詞短語作定語時(shí),都要放在所修飾的詞之后;單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的.ing形式或過去分詞作定語時(shí),一般放在所修飾的詞之前。

特別需注意:N.+doing +n./N.+done +n.的區(qū)別:動(dòng)作由名詞發(fā)出或是名詞的目的或內(nèi)容時(shí)用-ing形式,如:an English speaking country,Tree Planting Day;動(dòng)作是名詞承受的時(shí)用過去分詞,如:a horse driven car,mall.made satellites。

不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語,與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),不及物動(dòng)詞后面的介詞不能丟。

(6)作狀語:A.注意句子的主語跟非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的關(guān)系;B.非謂語動(dòng)詞起相同作用時(shí)的區(qū)別,如:不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式都能表示結(jié)果,但不定式一般表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,不定式前面常用only,never等詞修飾;而動(dòng)詞的.ing形式表示一種事情發(fā)展的自然或必然的結(jié)果。不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式都能表示目的,但不定式作目的狀語時(shí),一般位于句首,若位于句末時(shí)不能用逗號(hào)將它與句子分開;動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示目的時(shí).一般位于句尾,并且常用逗號(hào)將它與句子分開。

5.不定式to的省略

(1)動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look at.1isten to.1et,have,make接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式的to應(yīng)省略,但句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不定式的to不能省略。

(2)and,but等連接兩個(gè)不定式時(shí),若and,but等前面有do的某種形式時(shí),后面不、定式的to應(yīng)省略。

(3)不定式作表語時(shí),若主語中有do的某種形式,表謂不定式的to應(yīng)省略。

回放真題

真題1(2004甘肅、青海卷25)

It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when ________at the meeting by my boss.

A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned

【答案及解析】 C根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與句子主語的關(guān)系,可排除選項(xiàng)A、B;根據(jù)句子謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系,答案選c,表被動(dòng)及完成。

真題2(2004甘肅、青海卷27)

Alice returned from the manager’s office,________me that the boss wanted to see me at once.

A.having told B.tells C.to tell D.telling

【答案及解析】D根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)排除選項(xiàng)B;根據(jù)句子謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間順序,答案選D。

真題3(2004重慶卷30)

Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _______.

A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry

【答案及解析】A get接賓語補(bǔ)足語表賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、身份等。賓語與補(bǔ)足語是被動(dòng)的主謂關(guān)系,而過去分詞正好表被動(dòng)意義。get sb worried意思是:讓某人擔(dān)憂。

真題4(2004廣東卷26)

________the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A. Not completing B.Not completed

C.Not having completed D.Having not completed

【答案及解析】 C根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式的構(gòu)成,排除選項(xiàng)D;根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語的關(guān)系,排除B;根據(jù)句子的意思,沒有完成計(jì)劃的動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在have to stay動(dòng)作之前,故答案選C。

真題5(2004福建卷27)

The news reporters hurried to the airport,only ________the film stars had left.

A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told

【答案及解析】 B 根據(jù)句子的意思,記者們趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)意外的結(jié)果.因此,排除C、D;根據(jù)與句子的關(guān)系,不是記者告訴他人,而是人家告訴記者,故答案選B。

真題6(2004福建卷34)

Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time ________the exam.

A.pass B.to pass C.passed D.passing

【答案及解析】D have a hard time(in)doing sth.意思是:在……方面有困難。

真題7(2004湖北卷28)

________with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at a11.

A. Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared

【答案及解析】D根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),排除選項(xiàng)A;根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與主句主語的關(guān)系,排除選項(xiàng)B、C;故答案選D。

真題8(2004遼寧卷25)

I don t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.

A. to be heard B.to be heating C.to hear D.to have heard

【答案及解析】D根據(jù)后半句的內(nèi)容,“我”將去美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí),可知前半句是問對(duì)方是否已聽說過“我”的事情了。故答案選D,表示在此之前。

真題9(2004遼寧卷30)

________by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted

【答案及解析】 B根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與句子的主語的關(guān)系,女孩被吸引,從而排除選項(xiàng)A、D;再根據(jù)時(shí)間關(guān)系,C表示將來的情況,而句子是過去的事實(shí),答案選B。

真題10(2004浙江卷29)

Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________as 3M.

A. knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known

【答案及解析】 B分詞形式作定語,grow為及物動(dòng)詞,不帶賓語,故選B。

真題11(2004浙江卷32)

I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ________David go.

A.just watch B.just to watch

C.just watching D.just having watched

【答案及解析】A根據(jù)破折號(hào)及just的用法,故采用祈使句形式,答案選A。

真題12(2004江蘇卷25)

The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him l lived nearby.

A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding

【答案及解析】 C insist on doing sth是個(gè)固定短語,意為堅(jiān)持做某事。

真題13(2004廣西卷22)

Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.

A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear

C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard

【答案及解析】D短語作狀語表結(jié)果、伴隨、原因等,但若表目的,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。本題意為:為了能讓自己被人聽見,Helen只好大喊。Make oneself done意為:讓自己被……,故D為正確答案。

真題14(2004廣西卷31)

Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures ________in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed

【答案及解析】C forming在句中作定語。Forming in your mind=which forms in your mind.

真題15(2004江蘇卷31)

The old man,________abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.

A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked

【答案及解析】 D現(xiàn)在分詞完成式表主動(dòng)和完成(到謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),非謂語的動(dòng)作已完成)。

真題16(2004全國(guó)[河南、河北、山東、福建]28)

Sarah.hurry up.I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________before the party.

A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change

【答案及解析】A不定式短語作目的狀語,而根據(jù)句子的意思,從句的主語you不是給人家更衣,而是給自己更衣,它是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者,故答案選A,表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)。意思是:沒有時(shí)間來更衣了。

真題17(2004四川卷28)

“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob,________out of the window.

A.1ooking B.to look C.looked D.having looked

【答案及解析】A現(xiàn)在分詞一般式表伴隨,表Bob說話的同時(shí)往窗口外望;B表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;C表示完成;D表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在said之前,都不符題意,故答案選A。

真題18(2004上海卷27)

According to a recent U.S.survey,children spent up to 25 hours a week ________TV.

A.to watch B.to watching C.watching D.watch

【答案及解析】C spend的用法:spend some time/some money in doing sth。

真題19(2004上海卷33)

The flu is believed ________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.be have caused

【答案及解析】c不定式作補(bǔ)足語時(shí),如果不定式的動(dòng)作是前面名詞或代詞發(fā)出,用主動(dòng)形式;若前面名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此答案選C。

真題20(2004上海卷34)

The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt

【答案及解析】 B現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,說明被修飾詞目前的性質(zhì),狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作等。

真題21(2004上海卷35)

The disc,digitally _____in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded

【答案及解析】A動(dòng)詞的-ing表示主動(dòng),意思是前面名詞所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,說明當(dāng)前的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作;過去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成;不定式表將來;動(dòng)詞的-ing的完成時(shí)指動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子動(dòng)作之前,也表主動(dòng)。根據(jù)本題意思,正確答案為A,表示被錄制的唱片。

真題22(2004上海卷42)

Having been attacked by terrorists,________.

A.doctors came to their rescue B.the tall building collapsed

C.a(chǎn)n emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists

【答案及解析】 B分詞作狀語時(shí),它的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。由前面分詞的語態(tài)可知,句子的主語應(yīng)該是the tall building,因此答案選B。

真題23(2004上海卷49)

Some people like dinking coffee,for it has ________effects.

A.promoting B.stimulating C.enhancing D.encouraging

【答案及解析】 B promoting:提升的,enhancing:加強(qiáng)的,encouraging:鼓勵(lì)的,與題意不符。只有B表有刺激性的,能說明咖啡有刺激作用。故答案為B。

真題24(2004天津卷34)

Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth.

A.run B.running C.being run D.to run

【答案及解析】 B非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),選項(xiàng)A、D表示將來可能的動(dòng)作;B、C表示一直不停的動(dòng)作,而B表示賓語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,c表示賓語承受的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句子意思,答案選B,指水不停地流出。

真題25(2004北京卷23)

My advisor encouraged--a summer course to improve my writing skills.

A.for me to take B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take

【答案及解析】D考查動(dòng)詞encourage sb.to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。意思是:我的顧問鼓勵(lì)我去參加暑季課程以提高我的寫作技巧。

真題26(2004北京卷29)

________in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited

【答案及解析】 C考查分詞短語作狀語。當(dāng)Tom意識(shí)到錢包忘在家里時(shí),已經(jīng)排隊(duì)等了半小時(shí)。因此,答案選C,表示分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。

真題27(2004湖南卷33)

You were silly not ________your car.

A.to lock B.to have locked C.1ocking D.having locked

【答案及解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境可知:這是對(duì)已發(fā)事故的責(zé)備,沒有鎖車的行為發(fā)生在責(zé)備之前,應(yīng)該用完成式,排除A、C;再根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的含義,不定式表示某具體的事情,而動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的行為,從而可推知答案選B。

真題28(2004北京春季卷32)

He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting

【答案及解析】D catch sb doing sth意為發(fā)覺某人正在做某事,doing sth在此用作賓補(bǔ)。選項(xiàng)A表示前面名詞所承受的動(dòng)作,不妥;選項(xiàng)B表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)候正在做的事情;選項(xiàng)c表示事情還沒有做,都不合情理。

真題29(2004上海春季卷35)

I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything ________?

A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought

【答案及解析】B 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語,當(dāng)它的邏輯主語為句子的主語時(shí),用主動(dòng)形式。

真題30(2004上海春季卷39)

The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing.

A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating

【答案及解析】C remain可作連系動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)于be。再看seat的用法:seat oneself in/on/at…可轉(zhuǎn)化為:sb be seated in/on/at…。

真題31(2004上海春季卷40)

Victor apologized for ________to inform me of the change in the plan-

A.his being not able B.him not to be able

C.his not being able D.him to be not able

【答案及解析】C首先,apologize的句法結(jié)構(gòu)為apologize for one’s/sb doing sth,于是排除B、D,再看非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式:否定詞必須在非謂語動(dòng)詞的前面。故答案選C。

真題32(2004上海春季卷42)

After his journey form abroad,Richard Johns returned home,________.

A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted

【答案及解析】 B exhausting與exhausted意義區(qū)別。exhausted意思是:感到精疲力竭的,說明主語的狀態(tài);exhausting意為:令人精疲力竭的,說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。根據(jù)語境Richard是人,只能用選項(xiàng)B來表示他所處的狀態(tài)。而A、C、D在此都不合題意。

真題33(2003全國(guó)卷22)

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen.

A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked

【答案及解析】 B考查非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作及物動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語補(bǔ)足語的用法。find接補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的句型為find sb/sth doing/to be…/to have done.../done.不能接其它不定式作補(bǔ)足語。根據(jù)句意,只有廚師在廚房里正吸煙時(shí)被發(fā)現(xiàn)才能被解雇。因此,只能用現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行,不能用動(dòng)詞不定式(不定式常表示“具體的”已發(fā)生的或未發(fā)生的行為)。譯文:如果(有人)發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房里吸煙,他就會(huì)馬上被解雇。

真題34(2003北京卷21)

The teacher asked us ________so much noise.

A.don’t make B.not make C.not making D.not to make

【答案及解析】D考查不定式用法。在動(dòng)詞ask后面用不定式作復(fù)合賓語.其否定形式是not to do。常見的這類動(dòng)詞還有:tell,warn, order, advise等。

真題35(2003北京卷28)

________time,he’11 make a first-class tennis player.

A. Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given

【答案及解析】D考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:要是給他時(shí)問,他會(huì)成為一流的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。不定式作狀語表示目的,排除B。分詞作狀語要看與主語的關(guān)系。句子主語he是give的邏輯賓語,用過去分詞。注意當(dāng)從句主語和主句的主語保持一致時(shí),從句可省略(If he is),排除A和c項(xiàng)。

真題36(2003上海卷37)

The discovery of new evidence led to ________.

A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief

C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught

【答案及解析】C lead to這個(gè)詞組中to是介詞,后面跟名詞,于是B、D被排除;the thief是動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語,構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),與catch之間應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故排除A。

真題37(2003上海卷43)

An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots.

A. to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued

【答案及解析】 A order后應(yīng)按不定式,即order sb to do sth,因此B被排除。又因?yàn)閕ssue clear warnings(發(fā)出明顯警告)的主語是all the soldiers,也就是說all the soldiers是issue的施動(dòng)者,所以issue要用主動(dòng)形式,D也被排除。句子沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,不必用完成時(shí)態(tài),而且句子中的had been ordered所接的動(dòng)作,指命令后要做而還未做的事,故只用一般不定式。答案為A。

真題38(2003北京春季卷35)

Mr. Smith,________of the ________speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired;boring B.tiring;bored C. tired;bored D.tiring;boring

【答案及解析】 A tired of“感到厭倦”,過去分詞作狀語,常用來形容人;boring“令人厭煩的”,形容詞,常用來形容物。所以其中狀語可分解為:Mr. Smith was tired of the speech.The speech was boring.譯文:聽煩了乏味的演講,Mr. Smith’讀起了小說。

真題39(2003安徽春季卷22)

--Why did you go back to the shop?

--I left my friend ________there.

A. waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits

【答案及解析】A leave sb doing使某人處于某種狀態(tài),這一動(dòng)作持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。D排除,因此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞;B、C無持續(xù)狀態(tài)的意思。答案為A。

真題40(2003安徽春季卷28)

The manager ________his factory’s products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.

A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known

【答案及解析】A變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句應(yīng)為“ne manager.who knew his factory’s products were poor in quality…”know為主動(dòng),排除B、D。定語從句變?yōu)槎陶Z應(yīng)用分詞短語來表示。答案為A。

真題41(2003安徽春季卷32)

The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________whether he was going in the right direction.

A. seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see

【答案及解析】 D 原句應(yīng)為…as if he stopped and looked to see whether由于從句與主句有相同的主語和謂語,故將從句的主語、謂語同時(shí)省略,而只留下目的狀語。

真題42(2003上海春季卷35)

Friendship is like money:easier made than ________.

A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.being kept

【答案及解析】A西方諺語中,常用單詞的相同形式進(jìn)行表達(dá),m。d。和kept都是過去分詞,表示被動(dòng)。答案為A。

真題43(2003上海春季卷36)

________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

A.The president will attend B.The president to attend

C.The president attended D.The president’s attending

【答案及解析】D從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看,句子中已經(jīng)有謂語,故選項(xiàng)A排除;選項(xiàng)B為即將親自參加會(huì)議的總統(tǒng)給他們鼓舞,講不通,因?yàn)榻o出鼓舞的應(yīng)該是事或精神,而不應(yīng)該是人;選項(xiàng)C中的attended若作謂語,則與句子結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾,若作過去分詞,又與前面的“總統(tǒng)”的關(guān)系矛盾;因此,只有D正確,句子的意思是:“總統(tǒng)親自出席這次會(huì)議”這件事給了他們莫大的鼓舞。

真題44(2003上海春季卷37)

Unless ________to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.

A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited

【答案及解析】A在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí),從句的主語可以省略,而將從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉衷~形式。當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作為主句的主語所發(fā)出時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作為主句的主語所承受時(shí),用過去分詞形式。

真題45(2003上海春季卷38)

She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live.

A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing

【答案及解析】 B根據(jù)句子中所暗含的時(shí)間,是指要起的作用,故排除選項(xiàng)A和D;而不定式作定語時(shí),若不定式的動(dòng)作為句子的主語或賓語所發(fā)出時(shí),用主動(dòng)語態(tài)而不用被動(dòng)語態(tài),故答案選B。

真題46(2002全國(guó)卷32)

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it.

A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen

【答案及解析】 B這是一個(gè)主語從句。it作形式主語,whether they will enjoy it作真正的主語。remain后接to do sth.作表語。see與主語從句是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以要用to be seen作remains的表語。

真題47(2002全國(guó)卷34)

The research is so designed that once ________nothing can be done to change it.

A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun

【答案及解析】D once begun在句子中作狀語。begin可以作及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“著手”。譯文:這項(xiàng)研究設(shè)計(jì)得那么好,一旦著手研究,就沒有什么地方要更改的了。

真題48(2002北京卷34)

----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

----The key________ the problem is to meet the demand _______by the customers.

A.to solving;making B.to solving;made

C.to solve;making D.to solve;made

【答案及解析l B to放在key的后面作介詞,后接動(dòng)名詞;過去分詞短語

made by the customers作demand的定語。make與demand是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以要

用過去分詞。這句話的意思是“解決問題的關(guān)鍵是滿足顧客的要求”。

真題49(2002上海卷25)

In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive.

A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made

【答案及解析】 A strive to do sth=try to do sth“非常努力做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語,表示努力的目的。譯文:為了在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上取得更大的份額,許多國(guó)有公司正努力使自己的產(chǎn)品具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。答案為A。

真題50(2002上海卷30)

Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ________if a minor was broken.

A.was sure of striking B.was sure of having struck

C.was sure to be struck D.was sure to strike

【答案及解析】 D be sure of“對(duì)……確信,有把握”,主語必須是人。be sure to do sth“就要,一定會(huì)”,主語可以是人或物。動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生的事,意思是“就要……”。譯文:過去很多人都認(rèn)為如果鏡子破了,一定會(huì)引起災(zāi)難。注意.be+形容詞后接不定式的一般式,不用被動(dòng)式。如:The problem is difficult for us to work out.我們很難解決這個(gè)問題。

真題51(2002上海卷33)

Though ________money,his parents managed to send him to university.

A.1acked B.1acking of C.1acking D.1acked in

【答案及解析】 C lack是及物動(dòng)詞,后接賓語money。his parents與lack是主謂關(guān)系,要用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。譯文:雖然缺錢,他的父母親還是想法讓他上了大學(xué)。

真題52(2002上海卷34)

Don’t use words,expressions,or phrases ________only to people with specific knowledge.

A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known

【答案及解析】D know與words,expressions,phrases是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,要用過去分詞作定語,表示被動(dòng)。having been known是現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式,不能作定語。譯文:不要使用只有具有專業(yè)知識(shí)的人才知道的詞語。

真題53(2002上海卷38)

________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed

【答案及解析】C在非謂語動(dòng)詞中,用動(dòng)名詞或不定式來作主語,而分詞和介詞短語不能作主語,因此A、D被排除。在這個(gè)句子中,will do是謂語,缺少主語,要用動(dòng)名詞作主語。expose與one’s skin是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式being exposed。譯文:在陽光下曬太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)人的皮膚有壞處。

真題54(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷24)

Prices of daily goods ________through a computer can be lower than store prices.

A.a(chǎn)re bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying

【答案及解析】 B goods是動(dòng)詞bought的邏輯賓語,所以用過去分詞修飾,表被動(dòng)。

真題55(2002上海春季卷25)

In some parts of London,missing a bus means ________for another hour.

A.waiting B.to.wait C.wait D.to be waiting

【答案及解析】 A mean doing sth.的意思是“意味著什么”。mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做什么”。譯文:在英國(guó)的某些地方,趕不上公共汽車意味著要再等一小時(shí)。

真題56(2002上海春季卷29)

When ________,the museum will be open to the public next year.

A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed

【答案及解析】 A complete與museum是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,要用過去分詞completed作狀語,表示被動(dòng)。譯文:當(dāng)這座博物館建成后,將在明年向公眾開放。to be completed作目的狀語,不與when連用。答案為A。

真題57(2002上海春季卷37)

With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled

【答案及解析】C 動(dòng)詞不定式to settle作difficult problems的定語表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪鉀Q的難題;過去分詞settled作定語表示已經(jīng)解決的難題;現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式being settled作定語表示正在解決的難題。所提供的情境the newly.elected president is having a hard time說明新任總統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在和將來都有難以解決的問題,所以要用to settle作定語。

真題58(2001全國(guó)卷35)

_______such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered

【答案及解析】A首先確定為主動(dòng)語態(tài),然后根據(jù)already又可判斷用完成時(shí)。譯文:由于已經(jīng)受到如此嚴(yán)重的污染,現(xiàn)在清理河道可能太晚了。答案為A。

真題59(2001上海卷29)

D0 let your mother know all the truth.She appears _________everything.

A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told

【答案及解析】 D tell是及物動(dòng)詞,后面要接賓語。因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)句子中,tell后面沒有賓語,所以要用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。義因?yàn)橹懒艘磺邪l(fā)生在告訴真相之前,所以要用動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式。譯文:一定要把一切真相告訴你媽媽。她看上去已知道了一切事情。

真題60(2001上海卷31)

I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.

A.to have had time B.having time C.to have time D.to having time

【答案及解析】 B appreciate后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。譯文:我真的喜歡和你一起在這個(gè)迷人的小島上放松一下。

真題61(2001上海卷38)

The bell ________the end of the period rang,________our heated discussion.

A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting

C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated:interrupted

【答案及解析】 A the bell在句子中作indicate和interrupt的邏輯主語,所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞。答案為A。

真題62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷21)

________late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.

A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept

【答案及解析】A用不定式表示具體的目的,sleep late“睡懶覺”。譯文:為了早上多睡一會(huì)兒,鮑勃關(guān)閉了鬧鐘。答案為A。

真題63(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷24)

One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them.

A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct

【答案及解析】 B介詞by后接動(dòng)名詞,用and連接的兩個(gè)表示并列成分的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式要一致。

真題64(2001上海春季卷28)

Sandy could do nothing but ________to his teacher that he was wrong.

A.a(chǎn)dmit B.a(chǎn)dmitted C.a(chǎn)dmitting D.to admit

【答案及解析】 A該句中的but是介詞,后接動(dòng)詞不定式。當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是do,does或did時(shí),后接不帶to白懷定式;是其它動(dòng)詞時(shí),后接帶to的不定式。該句的謂語是could do nothing,要填動(dòng)詞原形admit。譯文:山德不得不向老師承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了。答案為A。

真題65(2001上海春季卷36)

Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________some schools for Door children.

A. set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up

【答案及解析】B to devote sth.to后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,即:devote sth.doing sth.。有的考生把a(bǔ)ll he had to當(dāng)成了一個(gè)短語,誤填了set up。實(shí)際上.a(chǎn)11 he had作devoted的賓語,是一個(gè)賓語從句。譯文:利德先生決定用自己所有的一切為貧困兒童建造幾所學(xué)校。

真題66(2001上海春季卷37)

________blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give

【答案及解析】B if you can是條件狀語從句。如果把這個(gè)句子轉(zhuǎn)為簡(jiǎn)單句______blood and many lives will be saved.就可以確定這是一個(gè)“祈使句+and”的句型。

真題67(2001上海春季卷38)

________from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered

【答案及解析】C 根據(jù)狀語for years可判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。譯文:經(jīng)受了多年心臟病折磨的痛苦,懷特教授無論走到哪里都不得不隨身帶著藥。

真題68(2000全國(guó)卷19)

I’ve worked with children before,so I know what ________in my new job.

A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects

【答案及解析】B 在非謂語動(dòng)詞中,疑問詞后只接不定式。此句中“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”作賓語。

真題69(2000全國(guó)卷22)

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

A.early out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out

【答案及解析】 C that they would like to see是定語從句;carried out作plan的定語表示被動(dòng)。

真題70(2000上海卷22)

They’re not very good,but we like ________.

A.a(chǎn)nyway to play basketball with them B.to play basketball with them anyway

C.to play with them basketball anyway D.with them to play basketball anyway

【答案及解析】B動(dòng)詞like后接賓語to play basketball;賓語后接with them;anyway為副詞,用作狀語,放在句末。

真題71(2000上海卷31)

He sent me an e-mail,________to get further information.

A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope

【答案及解析】 B現(xiàn)在分詞hoping表示與send me an e.mail同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一些考生認(rèn)為應(yīng)該填不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語時(shí),句子的正確形式是:He sent me an e-mail to get further information.如果要選擇“hoped”時(shí),句子的正確形式是:He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。 “hoped”和“sent”作并列謂語。

真題72(2000上海卷37)

_____in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A.Being founded B.It was funded C.Founded D.Founding

【答案及解析】 c簡(jiǎn)單句的主語Harvard與Found是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以要用過去分詞短語(Founded in 1636)作狀語。

真題73(2000上海卷39)

The ________boy was last seen ________near the East Lake.

A.missing;playing B.missing;play

C.missed;played D.missed;to play

【答案及解析】 A missing是形容詞,作boy的定語,意思是“失蹤的”;而missed是miss的過去式,意思是“錯(cuò)過”,作謂語,排除C、D。was last seen playing表示被看見時(shí)正在玩。答案為A。

真題74(2000上海卷40)

Tony was very unhappy for ________to the party.

A.having not been invited B.not having invited

C.having not invited D.not having been invited

【答案及解析】D invite與Tony構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) (not having been invited)。not要放在非謂語動(dòng)詞的前面。選項(xiàng)A和C都是錯(cuò)誤的形式。

真題75(2000京、皖春季卷15)

The picture ________on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A.having hung B.hanging C:hangs D.being hung

【答案及解析】 B選項(xiàng)B表狀態(tài);而選項(xiàng)D表動(dòng)作;is painted在句子中作謂語,所以要填hang的非謂語形式。因?yàn)閔ang+表方位的介詞短語,hang是不及物動(dòng)詞,非謂語動(dòng)詞不能用被動(dòng)式表示主動(dòng),所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞。

真題76(2000京、皖春季卷17) :

________the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

A. Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

【答案及解析】 A過去分詞Given構(gòu)成的短語在句子中作狀語,表示被動(dòng)。意思是:“在……情況下,考慮到”。譯文:考慮到他的健康情況一般,他手術(shù)后需要一段時(shí)間才能恢復(fù)。答案為A。

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