Unit 4 TV Programmes(1)
第四單元 電視節目
課文祥解
1. I’m far too busy to go shopping.
我實(shí)在太忙了,沒(méi)時(shí)間去買(mǎi)東西。
★far用作副詞,意為“很”“非常”,常修飾形容詞、副詞、比較級或最高級,強調程度,表示“……很多”。如:
①He’s fallen far behind in his work. 他的工作無(wú)遠沒(méi)有做完。
②Their room is far larger than yours. 他們的房間比你們的大很多。
③This room is far too warm. 這個(gè)房間太熱了。
④He is a man of far sight. 他是一個(gè)目光遠大的人。
⑤I’m far too busy to go shopping. 我真的是太忙了,沒(méi)時(shí)間去購物。
★far用作副詞,意為“遠”“遙遠”“久遠”,指表示空間與時(shí)間上的距離。如:
①How far did you go? 你走了多遠?
②He always works far into the night. 他總是工作到深夜。
③The plane is flying far above the clouds. 飛機在云霄上飛。
★far用作形容詞,意為“遠的”“遙遠的”。如:
①I(mǎi) like to travel to a far place. 我喜歡到遠處去旅行。
②She was sitting at the far end of the room. 她坐到房間的那一頭。
③They live in the far south of the city. 他們住在那個(gè)城市的南面。
④In the far north, days are short in winter. 在較北的地方,冬日的白天較短。⑤⑥
★as far as意為“與……一樣遠”,強調到某一地方,as far as還可表示“就……而言”的意思,表示某種程度。如:
①I(mǎi) can’t swim as far as you. 我游不到你那樣遠。
②We walked as far as the station. 我們一直走到火車(chē)站。
③I only walk as far as the foot of the mountain. 我僅走到山腳那么遠。
④As far as I know, he will be away for two weeks. 據我所知,他要離開(kāi)兩星期。
⑤As far as I know, she’s not coming, but I may be wrong.
就我所知,她不打算來(lái),但我或許會(huì )錯。
★so far意為“到目前止”,可以放在句首,也可放在句尾。如:
①So far the weather has been good, but it might change.
直到現在為止,天氣都很好,但也許有變。
②I have been here for three months, and so far I’ve enjoyed myself.
我來(lái)這里已經(jīng)有三個(gè)月了,我一直過(guò)得很愉快。
③I have written to Jim, but I haven’t received his letter so far.
我已經(jīng)給吉姆寫(xiě)過(guò)信了,但到目前為止我還沒(méi)有收到他的回信。
2. Then I’ll have lunch and a little sleep between 2 and 7.
然后,在兩點(diǎn)至七點(diǎn)之間我吃午飯并睡會(huì )兒。
★between用作介詞,意為“在……和……之間”,常與and連用。如:
①You can sit between him and me. 你可以坐在我和他中間。
②A(yíng) football match is going on between a Chinese team and a Japanese team.
中國隊和日本隊之間正在進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)足球賽。
★between強調在兩者之間,而among一般指三者或三者以上。如:
①There is a picture hanging between the two windows. 兩扇窗戶(hù)中間掛著(zhù)一幅畫(huà)。
②The animals usually hide among the trees in the daytime. 野獸白天通常藏在樹(shù)林里。
③I couldn’t find him among the crowd. 我在人群里找不到他。
【注】當表示三者以上的事物每?jì)蓛芍g時(shí),仍用between。如:
④There is a canal between the three cities. 這三個(gè)城市之間有條運河。
⑤Agreements have been made between different countries.
不同的國家之間已達成了協(xié)議。
3. Every one of them has their own favourite TV programme.
他們每個(gè)人都有自己最喜歡的電視節目。
★everyone通常情況下寫(xiě)成一個(gè)單詞,但在后面接一個(gè)表示范圍的of短語(yǔ)時(shí),應寫(xiě)成兩個(gè)單詞。如:原句中every one of them。當anyone后面接of時(shí),也寫(xiě)成兩個(gè)單詞,即any one of…。如:
①Every one if the students in the class has passed the exam.
=All the students in the class have passed the exam.
這個(gè)班上的所有的學(xué)生都通過(guò)了這次考試。
②Every one of the them has their own idea.
他們每個(gè)人都有自己的主意。
③Any one of the boys can do what the two grown-ups are doing.
這些男孩中隨便哪一個(gè)都能干那兩個(gè)成年人在干的活。
④I like all the novels, any one of them.
我喜歡所有這些小說(shuō),它們中的任何一本。
★every用作形容詞,表示“每一個(gè)”,在句中只作定語(yǔ),與單數名詞連用,著(zhù)重于整體中每個(gè)人或事物,即把分散的項目集中成為一個(gè)整體來(lái)看待,強調整體。如:
①Every minute is important to us. 每分鐘對我們都是重要的。
②There are TV stations in every big city in China now. 現在中國每個(gè)大城市都有電視臺。
③We make experiments in chemistry every day. 我們每天都做化學(xué)實(shí)驗。
★every與數字連用,可表示“每……一次的”“每隔……的”。如:
①You must change the oil in the car every 5000 miles.
你必須每行上5000里給汽車(chē)換一次油。
②I usually go to my uncle’s every three days(=every third day).
我通常每三天(每隔兩天)去我叔叔家一次。
★every可與other+單數可數名詞連用,表示“每隔……”。如:
①Please write on every other line. 請隔行寫(xiě)。
②They planted a tree every other meter along the road.
他們在馬路邊每隔一米栽一棵樹(shù)。
★each用作形容詞,意為“每個(gè)的”,強調一個(gè)群體(至少兩個(gè))中個(gè)別的個(gè)體。如:
①Each child learns at his/her own plan. 每個(gè)兒童均按自己的進(jìn)度學(xué)習。
②There is a tree on each side of the house. 房子兩邊各有一棵樹(shù)。
③Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
★each用作代詞,意為“各個(gè)”“每個(gè)”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數。如:
①Each of the houses is slightly different. 每座房子都稍有區別。
②Each of the students had his own bike. 孩子們各有自己的自行車(chē)。
★each放在主語(yǔ)后,作主語(yǔ)(一定是復數)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復數。如:
①We each have an orange in the hand. 我們每人手里有一只桔子。
②They each have different opinions about it. 他們對那件事各有不同的意見(jiàn)。
4. on與about
★on用作介詞,意為“關(guān)于”,意味著(zhù)具有嚴肅的學(xué)術(shù)性?xún)热荨H纾?/p>
①Have you read the article on France in the newspaper?
你讀過(guò)報上那篇關(guān)于法國的文章嗎?
②That book is on an important subject. 那本書(shū)是講一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題。
★about用作介詞,意為“關(guān)于”,是一個(gè)普通用詞,強調一般性和通俗性。如:
①They held a discussion about dinosaurs. 他們舉辦了一次關(guān)于恐龍的討論會(huì )。
②He likes watching a TV programme about school life.
他喜歡看有關(guān)學(xué)校生活的電視節目。
5. They are writing their own TV programmes for a writing competition.
他們正在編寫(xiě)自己的電視節目來(lái)參加一場(chǎng)寫(xiě)作比賽。
★one’s own用作形容詞,意為“自己的”“特有的”。如:
①That is my own camera. 那是我自己的相機。
②I saw it happen with my own eyes. 我親眼目睹了那件事的發(fā)生
③The orange has its own scent. 桔子有它獨特的香味。
★own用作代詞,意為“自己”。如:
①May I keep it for my own? 我可以把它作為己有嗎?
②I’ll do the work on my own. 我將獨立地工作。
③Why didn’t you tell her to use her own? 為什么你不叫她用她自己的呢?
★on one’s own是一個(gè)習慣短語(yǔ),意為“獨自”“獨立”。如:
①He runs a factory on his own. 他獨立經(jīng)營(yíng)工廠(chǎng)。
②She still lives on her own. 她仍然獨自一人生活。
★own用作動(dòng)詞,意為“擁有”“有”,指具有法律上的所有權,其主語(yǔ)往往是人。如:
①Who owns this land? 這塊地為誰(shuí)擁有啊?
②He used to own a lot of houses. 他過(guò)去擁有好幾處房子。
③His family owned neither land nor house. 他家既無(wú)田地又無(wú)房子。
6. A weekly round-up of what is happening in sports, with lots of up-to-date information.
體育方面所發(fā)生的事件一周綜述,為你提供大量的最新的體壇信息。
★weekly用作形容詞,意為“每周一次的”“每周的”。如:
①They are doing the weekly cleaning. 他們在進(jìn)行每周一次的大掃除。
②Have you read the weekly newspaper? 你看過(guò)周報了嗎?
★weekly它還可以用作名詞,表示“周刊”,monthly表示“月刊”。如:
①I(mǎi) have subscribed to a weekly. 我已經(jīng)訂了一份周刊。
②This is a monthly magazine. 這是一個(gè)月刊。
③Our club has a monthly meeting. 我們俱樂(lè )部每月開(kāi)一次會(huì )。
★weekly也可以用作副詞,意為“每周地”。如:
①He receives his wages weekly. 他每周領(lǐng)一次工資。
②Mr. Davies pays me rent weekly. 戴維斯先生每星期付我一次租金。
7. happen的用法小結
★happen用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“(偶然)發(fā)生”,指具體客觀(guān)事物的發(fā)生,往往帶有偶然的意味,其主語(yǔ)往往是物。Happen不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:
①This story happened in Shanghai. 這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在上海。
②A(yíng) fire happened in his factory last night. 昨晚那個(gè)工廠(chǎng)發(fā)生了火災。
★happen to sb. / sth. 意為“某人/物出了某事”,to為介詞。主語(yǔ)一般是某物。如:
①I(mǎi)f anything happens to the machine, do let me know.
假如機器出了什么毛病,務(wù)必通知我。
②What has happened to him (=What’s wrong / the matter with him?)
他怎么了?
③What finally happened to the boy? 這男孩最后怎樣了。
★happen to do sth. 意為“碰巧做某事”,如:
①Her birthday happens to be New Year’s Day. 她的生日碰巧是元旦這一天。
②I happened to be out when you called. 你來(lái)訪(fǎng)時(shí)我碰巧出去了。
③He happened to be watching TV when his father came home.
父親回來(lái)時(shí),他碰巧晨看電視。
★It happened that + 從句。意為“碰巧……”。如:
①I(mǎi)t happened that I saw him yesterday. 昨天我碰巧見(jiàn)到他了。
②It happened that she was thinking of something when the teacher called her.
當老師叫她時(shí),珍妮碰巧在想事情。
③It happened that he had seen the film. 他碰巧看過(guò)那部電影了。
【注】happen注意其否定句中否定詞的位置轉移。如:“我碰巧身上沒(méi)帶錢(qián)”可有多種譯法。
I happened not to have any money with me.
I didn’t happen to have any money with me.
I happened to have no money with me.
It happened that I had no money with me.
It happened that I didn’t have any money with me.
★take place也表示是“發(fā)生”的意思,指事先布置或策劃好,然后發(fā)生,沒(méi)有偶然的意思,是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組,沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:
①Great changes have taken place in our city in the past 5 years.
過(guò)去的五年里,我們市發(fā)生了巨大變化。
②The October Revolution took place in 1917.
十月革命發(fā)生在1917年。
③Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1980.
自從1980年以來(lái),我的家鄉發(fā)生了很大的變化。
④He asked me whether the sports meet would take place the next week.
他問(wèn)我運動(dòng)會(huì )是否在下星期召開(kāi)。
8. up-to-date的用法
★up-to-date是復合形容詞,意為“現代的”“新式的”“最新的”。如:
①This book is up-to-date. 這本書(shū)是最新的。
②The equipment here is really up-to-date. 這里的設備很新式的。
★out of date意為“過(guò)期的”“過(guò)時(shí)的”。如:
①Her clothes are about ten years out of date. 她的衣服已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)十年了。
②This information is out of date. 這資料已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。
9. The programme covers different sports, such as basketball, swimming, badminton and football.
本節目涵蓋了不同的體育項目,諸如籃球、籃球、游泳、羽毛球和足球。
★cover用作動(dòng)詞,意為“包含”“包括”“涉及”。如:
①The lectures covered a lot of subjects. 這些講座涉及的內容極為廣泛。
②The survey covers all aspects of the business. 調查包括這個(gè)企業(yè)的各個(gè)方面。
③The exhibition covers an area of 5,000 square metres.
展覽會(huì )展出面積為5,000平方米。
★cover用作動(dòng)詞,也可以“蓋”“遮蓋”。如:
①Flood water covers our fields. 洪水淹沒(méi)了我們的田地。
②Lies cannot cover up facts. 謊言掩蓋不了事實(shí)。
③Please cover the bowl with a piece of paper. 請用紙把碗蓋上。
④A passing lorry covered us in mud from head to foot.
一輛馳過(guò)的卡車(chē)濺了我們一身泥。
★cover用作動(dòng)詞,意為“報道”“(記者)采訪(fǎng)”。如:
①He is covering the sports meeting. 他正在報道運動(dòng)會(huì )的情況。
②He was sent to cover the traffic accident. 他被派去采訪(fǎng)了那起交通事故。
★cover用作動(dòng)詞,還可表示“行過(guò)”“走過(guò)(路程)”。如:
①They covered three hundred miles that day.
那一天他們走了三百英里。
②He wants to cover 100 miles before it gets dark.
他想在天黑之前走100英里。
③I covered 10 miles today. I never guessed that I could walk that far.
我今天走了10英里路,我從沒(méi)想過(guò)我能走那么遠。
★be covered with意為“覆蓋”“遮蓋”,表示一種狀態(tài)。如:
①The ground is covered with snow. 地上覆蓋著(zhù)雪。
②The trees are covered with fruit. 樹(shù)上結滿(mǎn)了水果。
③The table is covered with dust. 桌子上都是灰塵。
★cover也可作名詞,表示“蓋子”“罩”“封面”。如:
①The cover of a pot is called a lid. 蓋壺的蓋子叫作壺蓋。
②My book needs a new cover. 我的書(shū)需要一個(gè)新封面。
③He always reads the paper from cover to cover. 他總是把報紙從頭到尾看一遍。
10. However, if you are not a football fan, you might find this week’s programme a bit boring.
然而,如果你不是一個(gè)足球迷,那么你可能會(huì )覺(jué)得本周的節目有點(diǎn)乏味。
★原句中的a bit boring是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)find的賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。find可接多種形式的賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。如:
①You will find it a difficult book. 你會(huì )發(fā)現這是本很難的書(shū)。(名詞)
②He found