人民教育出版社與英國朗文出版集團有限公司合編的新的高中英語(yǔ)課本中出現了不少新的語(yǔ)言現象,令執教者十分驚訝。有些教師甚至把這些新語(yǔ)言現象作為錯誤在課堂上向學(xué)生予以糾正。究竟是教材編寫(xiě)有誤,還 是我們的認識有偏差,這是應該弄清楚的。
下面是筆者學(xué)習新教材的一些新語(yǔ)言現象的體會(huì )。
1. Well,it‘s getting late.I must be off now.Nice to meet you.(SBI,P1)
有人認為,"Nice to meet you"應該改為"Nice meeting you"或"Niceto have met you"。理由是見(jiàn)
面應說(shuō)"Nice to meet/see you",分手應說(shuō)"Nice meeting you"或"Nice to have met you"。
固然,"Nice to meet/see you"常用于見(jiàn)面,但也可用于分手。此時(shí)意為:It was nice to meet/see
you.=It is nice to have met/seen you.=It isnice meeting you.
2.Yang Mei:How do you do?I’m sorry.I Know only a little English.Ihave
some difficulty in pro nouncing some of the words in English.
Sara:No,you‘re doing fine.(SBI,P9)
多年來(lái)部編英語(yǔ)教材中從未出現fine作副詞用法,而只出現fine作形容詞用法,因此見(jiàn)到"you’re doing
fine”感到別扭。實(shí)際上fine作副詞,表示"好"、"順利"等意思也是
常有的。例如:The machine works fine(=well)if you oil it.He‘s doing fine(=well)in
school.That will suit me fine(=well).
3.Yang Mei:I’d like to study medicine and become a doctor.
Sara:Right.Nice meeting you,Yang Mei.Bye.(SBI,P3)
有人認為此處Right 應改為All right。事實(shí)上不改完全正確,用right表達all right之意的用法不乏其 例:
A:What is the purpose of your visit?
B:Well,I‘m on holiday.
A:I see.And do you have any relatives over there?
B:Yes,my sister.
A:Right.And where are you going to stay?
…
(見(jiàn)《英國會(huì )話(huà)》P184)
A:Do you want escudos(葡萄牙和智利的貨幣單位)?
B:No,sterling(英鎊)please.
A:Right.There you are,sir.…
(見(jiàn)《英國會(huì )話(huà)》P206)
高一(下)課本第1頁(yè)上也有right表示all right之意的用法:
Sharon:I’ve got a pain here.Just here Ouch!
Dr Yang:Right Let me examine you.
4.Dick:Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens?(SBI,P17)
不少資料上說(shuō)like只作介詞而不能作連詞用,因此有些教師認為此句中的like應該改為as。其實(shí),這種觀(guān)
點(diǎn)是片面的。在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中,like可以作連詞,意思相當于as,引導方式狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:
Do it like,tell you.
They didn‘t do it like we do it now.
5.Next Friday we are visiting the new car factory in this city.(SBI,P24)
How long are the travellers staying in this country?(SBI,P75)
長(cháng)期以來(lái),中學(xué)課本對延續動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行體表將來(lái)用法極少涉及,一般語(yǔ)法書(shū)也只談及某些短暫動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行
體可表將來(lái),所以一些教師對這兩句中延續動(dòng)詞visit和stay的進(jìn)行體表將來(lái)感到困惑。
進(jìn)行體表將來(lái)多見(jiàn)于短暫性動(dòng)詞,但是象dine,work,sleep,stay,play,do,have,wear等延續性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行體也可表示將來(lái)。例如:
They’re having a holiday next Monday.
What clothes are you wearing tomorrow?
在現代英語(yǔ)中,特別是在美國口語(yǔ)中,凡能夠表示預先計劃或安排的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,無(wú)論是短暫性的還是延 續性的,都可以用進(jìn)行體來(lái)表示將來(lái)。例如:
I‘m told you are going away.Are you travelling very far?
I’m reading a paper tomorrow.
This afternoon I‘m teaching some of our scouts how the compass works.
6.I suggest that you don’t ask him home for the vacation.(SBI,P55)
過(guò)去許多參考資料皆執一詞:suggest表"建議"時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)要用(should)do形式。本人認為
這條規則現在應該全面地表述為:多用(should)do形式,也可根據時(shí)態(tài)呼應或具體情況采用其他形式。例如 :
I suggested that she might come to my office and have a talk withme.
I suggest that the door is painted light blue.
這樣我們便能理解新教材中suggest后為什么用了you don‘t ask…這樣的謂語(yǔ)形式。
7.A:I was going to play volleyball on Monday,but I can’t now.
B:I‘m sorry./Bad luck!/What a pity!(SBI,P56)
關(guān)于交際常識有些書(shū)上有這樣的表述:聽(tīng)到對方不能滿(mǎn)足自己要求或不能踐約之類(lèi)的話(huà)時(shí),不能說(shuō)I’m so rry,而應該說(shuō):What a
pity/shame!/Bad luck!
如有這樣的單項選擇題:
A:I‘d like to go with you,but I’m busy with my examinations thesedays.
B:________
A.I‘m sorry. B.Really?
C.What a pity! D.Never mind.
(給出的正確答案為C,而將完全正確的A項定為錯誤答案。)
此外,有的書(shū)上還對"I’m sorry…"的使用作了這樣的說(shuō)明:它用來(lái)表達歉意;應答對方告知的不幸、不
悅、生病之類(lèi)的事。現在我們還應該添上一條:應答對方告知的一些聽(tīng)來(lái)有失望感的話(huà)。這樣我們對這句話(huà)的
使用場(chǎng)合就有了全面的認識,從而對新課本所出現的這種新語(yǔ)言現象就能理解和接受了。