M9U1 Other countries, other cultures

Period Ⅰ. Word study

1. preference n 偏愛(ài)，優(yōu)先，優(yōu)先權

have a preference for 偏愛(ài)…

eg. Tom has a preference for Chinese novels. Tom 喜歡中國小說(shuō)。

Prefer v (preferred, preferred: preferring)

a. prefer sth 喜歡

"Do you like French?""Yes, but I prefer English."

"你喜歡法語(yǔ)嗎?""喜歡,但是我更喜歡英語(yǔ)。"

　　注:prefer是"比較喜歡,更喜歡"的意思,即like better,因此就不能再與better, more等比較級詞語(yǔ)連用。

b. prefer to do sth.

　　They prefer to spend the rest of the morning wandering in the streets.

他們比較喜歡把早上剩下的時(shí)間都用來(lái)在街上閑逛。

　c. prefer doing sth.

　　So you prefer speaking without referring to your notes?

這么說(shuō),你更喜歡不看稿子做報告了?

　　 注: 這種prefer后面接動(dòng)名詞的結構,用來(lái)談?wù)撘话闱闆r下"更喜歡某種活動(dòng)",而在一個(gè)特定場(chǎng)合下表示"特別喜歡"時(shí),得用上述prefer后接動(dòng)詞不定式結構。

d . prefer sb. to do sth.

　　I prefer you to spare some time to come to our art exhibition next week.

我寧愿你們下星期抽出點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)看看我們的美展。

e. prefer A to B 與B相比更喜歡A　

He prefers English to Chinese. 比起語(yǔ)文他更喜歡英語(yǔ)。

f. prefer doing to doing

He prefers swimming to surfing. 同沖浪相比,他更喜歡游泳。

g. prefer to do sth rather than (to)do sth.表示“寧愿做……而不愿做……”

She prefers to stay at home rather than (to) go with us. 她寧愿呆在家里,也不愿和我們一起去。

h. prefer sth. (or sb.) + adj.

I prefer the door open. 我寧愿門(mén)開(kāi)著(zhù)。

I prefer my coffee black. 我愛(ài)喝不加奶的咖啡。

i. prefer that在that賓語(yǔ)從句中,我們應當用虛擬語(yǔ)氣"should+動(dòng)詞原形",其中的should可以省略。

We prefer that each new student take a science course. 我們希望每位新生修一門(mén)理科課程.

練習：

1. He said he would prefer _B___ others rather than ____ by others.

A to help; to help B to help; be helped

C helping; helped D helping; to be helped

2. The young lady prefer dressing up for a party __B__ by others.

A to being noticed B to be noticed

C rather than to be noticed D rather than be noticed

3. Though, life should be colorful, I prefer devoting all my energies to my studies _A____ more professional knowledge.

A to get B to getting C rather than get

D rather than to get

4. He preferred staying at home __C____ to the cinema.

A to watching TV to go B to watching TV to going

C to watch TV to going D to watch TV to go

2. occupy

(1) 意為“take up or fill (time, space, sb’s mind) ”占據，充滿(mǎn)（時(shí)間，空間，某人的頭腦等）

eg. His speech occupied only 3 minutes. 他的演講僅占用了三分鐘。

A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一張床占據了房間的一角。

(2) 意為 “take possession of and establish troops in ( a country, position, etc.)”

（軍事）占領(lǐng)（國家，陣地等）

eg. The army occupied the enemy’s capital. 軍隊占領(lǐng)了敵人的首都。

(3) 意為“l(fā)ive in or have possession of ( a house, land, etc.) ”占用，占有（房屋，土地等）

eg. The family has occupied the farm for many years. 這家人占用這個(gè)農場(chǎng)已經(jīng)多年了。

They occupy the house next door. 他們住在隔壁。

(4) occupy oneself ( in doing sth. / with sth.)

eg. How does he occupy himself now that he is retired? 既然他退休了，他在忙些什么呢？

翻譯：他在忙于寫(xiě)一本小說(shuō)。

He was occupied with a novel / in writing a novel.

= He occupied himself with a novel / in writing a novel.

歸納：忙于……，專(zhuān)心于……

Occupy oneself in doing sth. / with sth.

= be occupied in doing sth. / with sth.

= be busy in doing sth. / with sth.

= be absorbed in doing sth.

Occupation (n.)

(1) Teaching is my occupation. 職業(yè)，專(zhuān)業(yè)

= I am a teacher by occupation.

(2) No one is yet in occupation of the house. 占有

Occupied (adj.) 在使用中，已占有，不空閑

試題回顧：

C (1)__________ reading history books, he even didn’t notice me coming.

A. Occupied with B. Occupying with C. Occupied in D. Occupying in

B (2) ________ himself ________ the project, he had no time to go back home.

A. Occupied; with B. Occupying; with C. Occupied; in D. Occupying; in

A (3) When I arrived I saw the place was already _________ by two strangers in uniforms.

A. occupied B. conquered C. possessed D. owned

3. devote奉獻（人生、時(shí)間、勞力等）于… ；致力于…

He devoted his life to promoting [the promotion of ] world peace.

他一生致力于促進(jìn)世界和平。

短語(yǔ)：devote oneself to (doing) sth/devote one’s whole self to (doing) sth致力于，獻身于

be devoted to (doing) sth 專(zhuān)心致志于；獻身于，忠于

After graduation, he continued to devote himself to research.

He was still devoted to the study of chemistry after he retired. 他退休后依然專(zhuān)心于化學(xué)的研究。

devotion

獻身;奉獻[U][(+to)]

We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.

我們感謝他為這一項目花費的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。

His devotion to science is well known. 他對科學(xué)的獻身精神為人熟知.

忠誠;摯愛(ài),熱愛(ài)[U][(+to/for)]

devotion to music 熱愛(ài)音樂(lè )

用devote的適當形式填空：

1. He devoted his life to promoting (promote) world peace.

2. Yesterday’s meeting was devoted entirely to questions of procedure.

3. At present the time devoted to the teaching to scientific English is two years.

4. There was never a person more devoted to the revolutionary cause than Tom.

5. Devoting too much time to eating (eat), she began to put on weight.

6. Devote the next several minutes to helping (help) the students memorize the dialogue, and all of them will keep it in mind.

7. Devoted to a simple life in the service of others, he won a widespread respect.

8. The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for study.

鞏固練習：

1. Although the working mother is very busy, she still __A___ a lot of time to her children.

A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides

2. We should look up __C___ him as a shining example of devotion ________ duty.

A. at, to B. at, of C. to, to D. to, of

3. His son, ___B___ he had been ________, was living abroad.

A. whom, loved B. to whom, devoted C. to who D. who, devoting

歸納含有介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：

pay attention to 注意look forward to 期盼get down to 開(kāi)始，著(zhù)手做。。。

be addicted to 對。。。上癮be accustomed to 習慣于be/get used to 習慣于object to 反對。。。stick to 堅持。。。lead to 通向，導致refer to 提及，談到adapt to 適用

4. content adj. 滿(mǎn)意的，滿(mǎn)足的 (作表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ))

be (well) content with 對（很）．．．滿(mǎn)意/滿(mǎn)足

eg. Are you content with your present salary ?

She is content with very little

be (well) content to do sth （很）愿意做某事

eg. I am content to remain where I am now.

I should be well content to (=quite pleased) to do so.

n. 滿(mǎn)意的狀態(tài)，滿(mǎn)足

live in peace and content 生活平靜滿(mǎn)足

to one’s heart’s content　心滿(mǎn)意足，盡情，盡歡

(復)內容, 容量

the contents of a book

table of contents 目錄

v. content v. 使某人滿(mǎn)意/滿(mǎn)足

content sb/oneself with….

eg. John contented himself with a glass of wine.

contented adj. 感到滿(mǎn)意的

with a contented look/ smile

單項選擇

A.1. As there’s no butter , we must _____ ourselves _____ dry bread.

A. content ; with B. satisfy ;to C . meet ; with D. be content ; with

C.2. We sat in silence , ______ to be together.

A. being content B. contenting C. content D. contented

5. unfit adj. 不相宜的，不合適的；不勝任的（+for sth. /to do sth.）

Phil is clearly unfit to hold a senior position. 菲爾顯然不能勝任高級職務(wù)。

這些房子不適宜居住。These houses are unfit to live in.

Fit

adj. 適合的,恰當的（相當于suitable）；健康的(相當于healthy)

It is not fit for you to talk like that. 你那樣說(shuō)很不得當。

The food is not fit to eat. 這食物不適合吃。

He has been ill and is not fit for work yet. 他一直在生病,還不能工作.

【注意】sth. is fit to do 用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)

【短語(yǔ)歸納】be fit for 適合

be fit to do 適合做某事

keep fit 保持健康

v. 使適合

These shoes do not fit me. 這雙鞋我穿著(zhù)不合適。

【辨析】 fit & suit & match

fit 指大小、尺寸形狀合適，引申為“吻合”，也可指資格、能力適合要求，含有稱(chēng)職或勝任的意思

suit 指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位等，也指衣服的顏色、花樣、款式適合某人

match 和……相配，指大小、色調、形狀、性質(zhì)等的搭配

⑴ You should __A_____ your product ________ to the market, which is the correct way to earn money.

A. suit; to B. fit; to C. subject; to D. match; to

用suit, fit, match 填空

⑵ No dish suits all tastes.

⑶ Try the new key and see if it fits.

⑷ Have you any material to match this dress?

⑸ The curtains don’t match the paint.

⑹ He is suitable to be an engineer.

⑺ The color of the cloth suits a woman at my wife’s age.

6. owe vt. 欠,應該把-歸功于(to)

I owe the landlord one hundred dollars.=I owe one hundred dollars to the landlord.

我欠房東100美元.

她把她的成功歸功于運氣好.

She owes her success to good luck..

選擇: I owe ____ my parents.

A. that I have B. what I have C. that I have to D. what I have to

答案: D

7. worth，worthy和worthwhile

這三個(gè)詞都可用作adj.　意為"值得"，但各自的用法和搭配關(guān)系不同。

1. worth　只作表語(yǔ)

be worth + n.　當名詞為金錢(qián)時(shí)，表示"……值……"

be worth doing 　"某事值得被做"

　Eg. Our house is worth 60000 pounds.

The book is worth reading.

2. worthy 可以作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)

　作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意思為“值得尊重的”，“有價(jià)值的”，“應受到賞識的”　

a worthy course 崇高的事業(yè)

作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，意思是“值得……”,“應得到……”

be worthy to be done / be worthy of being done "某事值得被做"

　Eg. The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.

3. worthwhile 值得的，值得花時(shí)間、錢(qián)或精力的

It is worthwhile doing sth.　　　

It is worthwhile to do sth.

Eg. It is worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.

Ex:

C 1. It is ____the ancient temple at the top of the mountain.

A.worth to vist B.worthwhile vist

C.worthwhile visting D.worthy to be visted

D 2. Try to spend your time just on the things you find _____.

A.worth doing them

B.worth being done

C.worthy of doing them

D.worthy of being done

3. 巴黎值得去看一看。（6種翻譯方法）

Paris is worth visiting.

Paris is worth a visit.

Paris is worthy to be visited.

Paris is worthy of being visited.

It is worthwhile visiting Paris.

It is worthwhile to visit Paris.

Period Ⅱ Reading &Project (Language point)

1. The vast majority of Canada’s population of about 30 million people is urban. (P2L15)

Majority用法 1) 多數人，大部分人（多與the連用）

The majority of doctors believe that smoking is harmful to health.

The great majority of the women who work in Packing town suffer in the same way.

The majority 大多數，過(guò)半數

The majority is(或are) against the plan. 大多數人都反對這個(gè)計劃。

注：當the majority 強調整體時(shí)，使用單數動(dòng)詞，若強調的是團體中的每一個(gè)分子，則動(dòng)詞用復數）

2）（投票時(shí)的）多數（可加不定冠詞）

At the next elections they might win an actual majority.

The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes.

Be in the majority 占多數

2.Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is often said to be the most multicultural city in the world. (P2 L19)= It is said that Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is the most multicultural city in the world

The mall is said to be the largest pedestrian mall in the world. (P3 L39)

= It is said that the mall is the largest pedestrian mall in the world.

be said to be … 據說(shuō)是…

句型轉換：

①. It’s said that all the passengers are from the same village.

= All the passengers are said to be from the same village.

②. It was said that his novel had been translated into several foreign languages.

= His novel was said to have been translated into several foreign languages.

類(lèi)似句型：It is reported that… It seems that…

鞏固練習：

①. 據報道120人在這起空難中喪生。

It was said that 120 people had been killed in the air crash.

②. 下午好像有個(gè)會(huì )議。

It seems that there will be a meeting this afternoon.

鏈接高考：據說(shuō)他在國外學(xué)習過(guò)，但我不知道他在哪個(gè)國家學(xué)習的。（用主語(yǔ)從句及簡(jiǎn)單句）

It is said that he has studied abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.

= He is said to have studied abroad……

3. Located in the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. (P2L21)

Smaller in size, but equally famous, is the city of Vancouver in the province British Columbia on the Pacific coast.(P3L33)

Nearer to the Atlantic coast is Niagara Fall . (P3L43)

作表語(yǔ)的現在分詞(過(guò)去分詞、形容詞) 放在句首，須完全倒裝。

1. Gone are the days when the women were looked down upon.

婦女被看不起的日子一去不復返了。

2. Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.

坐在房間后面的是一個(gè)長(cháng)著(zhù)一雙大眼睛的羞澀女孩。

3. Present at the meeting was Mr. Liu, who taught us English.

劉老師出席了會(huì )議，他教我們英語(yǔ)。

4. Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.

黑板上寫(xiě)著(zhù)昨天遲到的那些人的名字。

4. …French-speaking country in the world, Paris being the largest. (P2 L25)

獨立主格結構:

獨立主格結構，又叫獨立結構（absolute construction）。它在句法上游離于句子主體之外，跟主句沒(méi)有任何句法聯(lián)系；但在意義上卻與主句緊密聯(lián)系在一起，共同構成一個(gè)完整的語(yǔ)義環(huán)境。獨立主格結構沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，只有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一個(gè)獨立于句子成分之外的獨特結構形式。

獨立主格結構可置于句首、句尾，用逗號與主句隔開(kāi)。

二、獨立主格結構的形式

獨立主格結構可分為兩部分，一部分是名詞或代詞（主格），起著(zhù)邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用；另一部分由形容詞、副詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等構成，表示前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)、狀況或動(dòng)作。

1）名詞／代詞＋形容詞

I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry．

我聽(tīng)說(shuō)她在這場(chǎng)事故中受了傷，內心充滿(mǎn)擔憂(yōu)。

He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open．月光下，門(mén)開(kāi)著(zhù)，他默默地站立在那。

2）名詞／代詞＋現在分詞

Winter coming, it gets colder and colder．冬天來(lái)了，天氣越來(lái)越冷了。

The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk．雨停了，他出去散步。

3）名詞／代詞＋過(guò)去分詞

More time given, we should have done it much better．

如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì )做得更好。

The boy stood there, his right hand raised．那個(gè)男生站在那里，右手高舉。

4）名詞／代詞（主格）＋不定式

Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month

這是前兩卷,第三卷將于下月問(wèn)世。

The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend's．

兩個(gè)男孩彼此道了別，一個(gè)回了家，另一個(gè)去了他朋友家。

5）名詞／代詞十介詞短語(yǔ)

The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand．那位獵人手里提著(zhù)槍走進(jìn)了樹(shù)林。

注意：這里gun in hand還可以說(shuō)成with a gun in his hand，但不可以說(shuō)a gun in hand或gun in his hand。

6）名詞／代詞十副詞

Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away．由于沒(méi)有人，小偷拿走了許多東西。

Lunch over, he left the house．But he was thinking．午飯結束，他離開(kāi)屋。但他還在考慮。

7）名詞／代詞＋名詞

He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon．他和狼搏斗著(zhù)，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。

8）with復合結構

它的構成是：“with ＋ 賓語(yǔ) ＋ 賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)由代詞、名詞、名詞詞組充當，賓補由分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞等充當。

Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour．

福爾摩斯和沃森坐著(zhù)，讓燈亮了半個(gè)小時(shí)。（介詞短語(yǔ)）

He used to sleep with the door open．他過(guò)去常開(kāi)著(zhù)門(mén)睡覺(jué)。（形容詞）

With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village．

由一個(gè)小男孩領(lǐng)著(zhù)路，他們朝那個(gè)村子去了。（現在分詞）

With the work done, he went home．工作做完后，他回了家。（過(guò)去分詞）

With you to help us, we will finish the task in time．

由你來(lái)幫助，我們將會(huì )及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。（不定式）

Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on at night．

夜里，香港萬(wàn)盞燈火，分外美麗。（副詞）

從以上例句可以看出：在with復合結構中，賓語(yǔ)和賓補之間形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。當這種主謂關(guān)系表現為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，用現在分詞；當這種主謂關(guān)系表現為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞；當這種主謂關(guān)系表示將來(lái)意義時(shí)，用不定式；當這種主謂關(guān)系表示伴隨意義時(shí)，用現在分詞或副詞。

三、獨立主格結構的功能

獨立主格結構主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，常用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。

1）表示時(shí)間 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea．她干完了活，坐下來(lái)喝茶。

2）表示條件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed．

若條件有利，他或許能成功。

3）表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk．沒(méi)有出租車(chē)，我們只好步行。

4）表示伴隨情況 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all．

幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體，而銀則是最好的導體。

四、形式選擇中應該注意的問(wèn)題

1）現在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞？

在獨立主格結構中，主格詞與分詞形成邏輯主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用現在分詞。如：Winter coming it gets colder and colder．一句中，“春天”和“到來(lái)”是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，用現在分詞；主格詞與分詞形成邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。如：More money given，we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained．一句中，“money”和“give”是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)關(guān)系），用過(guò)去分詞。

在獨立主格結構中，如果強調分詞的時(shí)間發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞時(shí)間之前，常用現在分詞

完成時(shí)態(tài)表示。如：The snow having stopped，she went out to sweep the snow in the yard．

現在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的性質(zhì)完全不同，但在獨立結構中，有時(shí)卻有共同之處：現在分詞的被動(dòng)式有時(shí)可以簡(jiǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞。例如：

As her skirt was caught on a nail, she could not move．

→Her skirt being caught on a nail, she could not move．

→Her skirt caught on a nail, she could not move．

After his work had been finished, he went home．

→His work having been finished, he went home．

→His work finished, he went home．

2）分詞結構還是獨立結構？

上面的例子告訴我們，獨立結構常常可以看作是由主從復合句中的從句變來(lái)的。但是，如果從句和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，則不可改為獨立結構。例如：

Since he was very tired with his walk，he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles．

不可改為：He being very tired with his walk，he．但可改為：Being very tired with his walk he．．．

比較：判斷動(dòng)名詞復合結構的方式

　　主語(yǔ)位置上，或動(dòng)詞、介詞后的"名詞代詞 + 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞"，如果表示的是一個(gè)事件則是動(dòng)名詞復合結構，而不是"名詞 + 定語(yǔ)。請看以下各例：

(B)1. He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.

A. left 　　B. being left　　 C. leaving D. be left

(D)2. The road __________ caused us to stop our work for half an hour.

A. blocked 　　B. was blocked 　　C. blocking　　 D. being blocked

(C)3. The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.

A. had been admitted 　　 B. admitted 　　

C. having been admitted 　　D. having admitted

5.Quebec, which was originally colonized by France, was lost to the British in 1763.(P2 L 26)

Be lost in 1) 消失在…中

The ship was lost in the hurricane.（消失在風(fēng)暴中）

2) 陷入（沉思等）；被…所吸引

For some time he seemed lost in thought.

My companion sat silent now for some time, _lost____ in thought

3) 在…中迷路，迷失在…

We were lost in the forest （在森林里迷路了）

Be lost to …失去，沒(méi)有…

The opportunity was lost to him.（他沒(méi)有機會(huì )了）

C. 1 ____ to the British, Quebec was originally colonized by France.

A Being lost B To lose C Lost D Losing

C. 2 _____ himself in thought, he didn’t notice what happened around him.

A Being lost B Lost C Losing D Having lost

C 3. After hours walk in the forest, finally we found ourselves ____ our way.

A. lost B losing C lose D to lost

6. Because of this, Montreal has a wonderful mix of Old World…(P2 L27)

because of = owing to = on account of =due to =as a result of 由于…的原因，因為

1)He was unable to go to work ________ the fall from his horse.

2)_________ my work and so on, I don’t get up much to the club.

3)He was not allowed to take the senior course __________ his youth.

7. Vancouver has superb scenery, a beautiful harbour , and ....and international cuisine , in addition to being close the popular wilderness and ski areas.

In addition to 除…之外(還有)=besides

Eg. In addition to English , he has to study a second foreign language.

We saw a Mickey Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.

In addition 另外,此外(還)

Eg. I paid 100 yuan in addition.

In addition , there was a crop failure in many provinces.

Cf: apart from

(1) =besides

Apart from the cost , it will take a lot of time.

The children hardly see anyone , apart from their parents.

(2)=except for

Apart from that , all goes well. Good work, apart from a few faults.

Other than =but, except

There is nobody here other than me.

You can’t go there other than by swimming.

Is anyone other than yourself coming?

8. It is like an underground city, covering an area of more than 20 football pitches.

Cover v. 覆蓋，鋪(反:expose); 掩蓋，掩飾，藏匿; 占據（時(shí)間，空間）; 包括，涉及;

走過(guò)（路程）; 看過(guò)…頁(yè)書(shū); 夠付(開(kāi)支等), 彌補(損失);

對….進(jìn)行新聞采訪(fǎng),報道

Eg. 1. Cover his eyes with a hand

2. The ground was covered with snow.

3. Lies cannot cover facts./ cover a mistake / cover one’s tracks 銷(xiāo)聲匿跡

4. Cover an area of

5. His researches covered a wide field.

6. The report covered all aspects of the problem.

7.I didn’t cover as much ground as I had wanted.

8.Cover 20 pages a day

9.Cover the expenses

10.I want our best reporters sent to cover the 2008 Olympics.

n. 蓋子,封面

選擇題:

---- How about the book you are reading ?

---- Good indeed. It _____ many problems we have come across in our study.

A. says B. talks C. covers D. refers

9. Still, Australia is considered to be a great sporting nation. 盡管如此，澳大利亞仍被視為體育大國。(P14, Line 14)

Considering Australia’s relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was very amazing.

考慮到澳大利亞人口相對較少，它在奧運會(huì )上的出色表現著(zhù)實(shí)令人驚訝。(P15, Line 51-52)

Consider v.

1. 考慮，常用結構：consider doing,

consider + 從句 consider+疑問(wèn)詞+to do

2. 認為，常用結構：consider that,

consider sb. / sth. to be, consider sb. / sth. as

3. Considering prep. 考慮到

4. Consideration n.考慮，常用短語(yǔ)：take sth. into consideration 把…考慮在內

翻譯:

⑴ 他正在考慮換工作.

He is considering changing his job.

⑵ 他們沒(méi)有考慮他們能不能買(mǎi)的起這棟房子。

They do not consider whether they can afford the house or not.

⑶ 你有沒(méi)有考慮怎么去那兒?

Have you considered how to get there?

⑷ 我們認為不該責怪你.

We consider that you are not to blame.

⑸ 他被認為是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導.

He is considered to be / as an excellent leader.

⑹ 考慮到天氣，這場(chǎng)足球賽還是很不錯的。

Considering the weather, the football game was quite good.

10. The sport that most of the world calls football is known as soccer in Australia, to distinguish it from ‘footy’, which is short for Australian rules football.(P14Line28-30)

distinguish (v.) 區分，區別；使與眾不同

eg. The girl is color-blind; she can’t distinguish between colors.

這女孩是色盲，她不能辨別顏色。

Jay Chou distinguishes himself by his unique singing style.

周杰倫因其獨特的演唱風(fēng)格而引人注目。

拓展：distinguishable (adj.) 可辨認的；可區別的 distinguished (adj.) 著(zhù)名的；非凡的

[小試] 用distinguish的適當形式填空:

You should be able to distinguish between right and wrong.

He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.

A black object is not easily distinguishable at night.

[歸納] distinguish between A and B 分辨A和B

distinguish A from B 區分A 與B

be distinguished by / for 以……著(zhù)名的

distinguish … into 把……分類(lèi)

distinguish oneself 使杰出，使顯出特色

[用法相似的短語(yǔ)]

tell the difference between A and B 說(shuō)出A與B 之間的不同

tell A from B 把A與B 區分開(kāi)來(lái) tell A and B apart 把A 與B 分開(kāi)

differ A from B 使A 不同于B

11.While a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them, as far as most of its population is concerned, it is indeed a great sporting nation.(P15Line55--57)

句中while 表示讓步，通常置于句首，意思是“盡管，雖然”

While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it.盡管我同意你的理由，但我不允許你這樣做。

while 的其他用法：

引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句， 意思是“當……的時(shí)候，和……同時(shí)”，從句中的謂語(yǔ)通常是延續性動(dòng)詞。

eg. While she was listening to the radio, she fall asleep. 她聽(tīng)著(zhù)收音機睡著(zhù)了。

表示對比或轉折， 意思是“而，然而”, while 一般位于句中。

eg. Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有人浪費糧食，有人卻吃不飽。

引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“只要”

Eg. There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有水和空氣，就會(huì )有生命。

翻譯：

(1) 雖然他愛(ài)他的學(xué)生，但是他對學(xué)生很?chē)栏瘛?/p>

While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.

(2) 瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。

Mary watched TV while she ate her supper.

(3) May 英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好，而她的哥哥數學(xué)好。

Mary is good at English while her brother does well in math.

(4) 只要有生命，就有希望。

While there is life, there is hope.

選擇：

(1) She thought I was praising her child，__B___,in fact, I was scolding him for his bad behaviors at　school.

A. what B. while C. so　that D. therefore

(2) I do every single bit of housework　_A___　my husband Bob just does the dishes now and　then.(2004全國卷II35)

A. while B. since C. when D. as

(3) ____D__it is expected that students come university with the ability to take a good set of notes，this is not always the case.

A. When B. As C. For D. While

(4) We were swimming in the lake_A__ suddenly the storm started.

A. when B. while C. until D. before

詞組匯集

1. be famous/ noted/ known/ distinguished for 因為……而出名

be famous/ noted/ known/ distinguished as 作為……而出名

2. be fond of 喜愛(ài)；喜歡

3. for short 簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)，縮略

4. in addition to 除了……之外

5. in addition 此外，另外

6. be home to 為……的所在地

7. cover an area of 占……面積

8. consist of = be made up of 由……組成

9. seek one’s fortunes 尋找發(fā)財的機會(huì )

10. a handful of people 少數人

11. go with 和……相匹配

12. turn a beautiful red 變成一種美麗的紅色

13. turn to 變成，求助于，轉向，翻到

14. most of the time 大部分時(shí)間

15. be equipped with 配備有……

16. after dusk 黃昏之后

17. participate in 參加

18. distinguish ……from …… 把……和……區別開(kāi)來(lái)

19. lead to 導致

20. become excited about 對……感到激動(dòng)

21. in particular 尤其，特別

22. in total 總共，總計

23. be worthy of praise 值得表?yè)P