知識要點(diǎn)歸納
1.單元詞匯及短語(yǔ)
region, beyond, lien, northern, southern, eastern, western, southeastern, northeastern, the Himalayas, be made up of, be surrounded by, mild, subtropical, harbour, landscape, volcano, be used to do, make electricity, take possession of, be celebrated as
2.單元句型
(1)The East China Sea lies to the east.
(2)New Zealand is an island that lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
(3)New Zealand has a very beautiful natural landscape with green hills.
(4)That day is still celebrated as a national holiday.
(5)New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people.
(6)The majority of the people speak English.
3.單元語(yǔ)法
Learn to use“it”as a subject.
核心知識
重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ)舉例
(1)region n.
1)地區,地方,地帶a forest ~ 森林地帶
2)(學(xué)問(wèn)等的)范圍,領(lǐng)域 the ~ of psychology 心理學(xué)的領(lǐng)域
(2)beyond
1)prep.
●表示位置:在/向…的那邊,遠于
eg. He came from beyond the sea. 他從海外回來(lái)了。
●表示時(shí)間:遲于
beyond nine o’clock 過(guò)了9點(diǎn)
●表示范圍,限度;超出
beyond compare 無(wú)與倫比
●常用于否定和疑問(wèn)句:除…以外
eg. I can’t tell you anything beyond what you know already.
除了你已經(jīng)知道的以外,我無(wú)可奉告了。
2)adv. 在/向遠處,look beyond往遠處看
(3)lie
vi, 位于,在…位置
lay, lain, lying
eg. China lies in the east of Asia,中國位于亞洲東部。(中國在亞洲范圍之內。)
India lies on the Southwest of China. 印度位于中國的西南。(印度在中國以外,緊挨著(zhù)。)
Japan lies to east of China.日本在中國以東。(不接壤,隔…相望。)
New Zealand is an island that lies to the eastern coast of Australia.
新西蘭位于澳大利亞的東海岸。(遠離…海岸線(xiàn)或島嶼。)
(4)mild adj.
1)(人、態(tài)度等)溫和的,溫柔的,溫順的
eg. He has a mild nature.他天性溫和。
2)(氣候等)溫和的,溫暖的
a mild climate 溫和的氣候
a mild winter 溫暖的冬天
(5)harbour n.
1)港,海港
eg, Our boat stayed in the harbour during the typhoon.
在臺風(fēng)襲來(lái)期間我們的船停泊在港內。
2)避難所,躲藏處
a harbour for young runaways 離家出走青少年的躲藏處
(6)landscape
1)n.(陸地上的)風(fēng)景,景觀(guān);展望
eg. He was watching the landscape from the train window. 他正從火車(chē)窗口向外眺望風(fēng)景。
2)vt.(把一片土地)造園;綠化;美化
(7)volcano
n. 復~es火山
an active volcano活火山
a dormant (dead) volcano休(死)火山
(8)be used to do被用來(lái)做
be used to doing習慣于
used to do(過(guò)去)常常
eg.
Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用來(lái)造紙。
I’m used to getting up early. 我習慣早起。
He used to play basketball before breakfast. (But now, he doesn’t)
他過(guò)去常常早飯前打籃球。(但現在,他卻沒(méi)有。)
(9)be surrounded by…
被包圍,被圍繞
eg.
The enemy were surrounded by the soldiers. 敵人被士兵們包圍了。
The school is surrounded by (with) the wall. 學(xué)校的四周?chē)@著(zhù)高墻。
(10)the same…as…
和…相同
eg.
My pen is the same as yours. 我的鋼筆和你的一樣。
She goes to the same university as her father did. 她和她父親上的是同一所大學(xué)。
【注】the same…as…
指“同種類(lèi)的事物”。
the same…that…
指“同一件事物”。
都可以引導定語(yǔ)從句
eg.
I have bought the same pen as you have.我買(mǎi)了一只和你的一樣鋼筆。
This is the same wallet that I lost a week ago.這個(gè)錢(qián)包跟我一星期前買(mǎi)的一樣。
(11)take ( get, gain)possession of the same…as…
拿到,占有,占領(lǐng)
eg He has taken possession of the whole house.他占了整個(gè)房子。
(12)settle in
vi & vt(可分開(kāi)用)
1)(某人)遷入(新居,新環(huán)境)
2)使(某人)遷入(新居,新環(huán)境)
eg. The Smiths have settled in the new building.史密斯一家遷入了新居。
(13)sign an agreement with
…與…簽定合同(協(xié)議)
eg. I have signed an agreement with the company. 我已和公司簽定了合同。
(14)be celebrated as ( for) …
以…而馳名,作為 …而
eg.
celebrated as a hot spring resort.以溫泉勝地著(zhù)稱(chēng)
celebrated for its hot springs.以其溫泉著(zhù)稱(chēng)的
(15)refer to…
指的是,論及,提及,參考,參閱
eg.
Are you referring to me? 你是指我說(shuō)的嗎?
His name was referred to in the meeting.他的名字與本次會(huì )議有關(guān)。
He cooked dinner by referring to a cookbook. 他參考烹調書(shū)燒菜。
Please refer to the dictionary. 請參考(查)字典。
(16)in/with relation to
(文語(yǔ))(prep)關(guān)于…,和…相關(guān),就…而論
(17)compare…with…
把…與…比較
eg. I compared the translation with the original.
我把譯文拿來(lái)和原文對照。
(18)stand for(不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))表示,代表,代替,象征,為…的縮寫(xiě)。
(19)with+n.+adj(doing)
此結構在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
eg.
To talk with your mouth full.(狀)
放開(kāi)聲音講話(huà)。
New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North island.(狀)
新西蘭是一個(gè)重要的農業(yè)國,它的北方島嶼上放牧著(zhù)牛群。
(20)the majority
大多數,大部分(與of連用)
(把全部當作一個(gè)整體時(shí)視為單數,當作許多個(gè)體時(shí)視為復數。)
eg. The majority of students were(was)in different to the political meeting. 大多數學(xué)生對政治集會(huì )漠不關(guān)心。
(21)at an early age
=at an young age
少年時(shí)期
(22)be marked with
…留下記號
(23)of high quality質(zhì)量高
(24)turn to…(vt.)
1)向某人求助turn to sb. for help(advice)
2)把注意力(行動(dòng))導向,轉向
3)翻到(書(shū)頁(yè))
eg.Please turn to 20
請將書(shū)翻到第20頁(yè)
(25)prepare for…
為…做好準備
prepare sth. for sth. 為做某事把某物準備好
prepare sb. for sth.使某人對某物有思想準備
eg.
Please prepare for class. 請準備上課。
You must prepare your pens and paper for having a dictation.你必須為默寫(xiě)準備好筆和紙。
The teacher prepared us for the test. 老師使我們對考試有思想準備。
詞語(yǔ)辨析
1.It的用法小結
(1)it通常用來(lái)代替事物或指代我們不知道其性別的動(dòng)物,有時(shí)也用來(lái)指代嬰兒或較年幼的小孩。如:
Where is my map? I left it on the table. 我的地圖哪里去了?我把它留在桌子上了。Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看那只鳥(niǎo)。它總是飛到我的窗前來(lái)。Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos. 她剛生出的孩子特別小。只有兩公斤重。
(2)在下列句子中it 可以用于指代人。如:
Ann(on phone):who is it? 安(在打電話(huà)):你是誰(shuí)啊?
Bill: It’s me . 比爾:是我。
-Is that Tom over there? 是湯姆在那里嗎?
-No, it’s peter. 不,是彼得。
(3)it用于表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣、溫度和潮水的說(shuō)法中。如:
-What time is it? 現在幾點(diǎn)了?
-It is six. 6點(diǎn)了。
-What’s the date? 今天是幾月幾號?
-It’s the third of March. 今天是3月3日。
-How far is it to York? 到約克有多遠?
-It is 400 kilometers. 400公里。
-How long does it take to get there? 到那里需要多少時(shí)間?
-It depends on how you go. 這要看你怎么走。
It’s raining/snowing/freezing.下雨了/下雪了/要結冰了。
It’s frosty.有霜凍。
It is a fine night.今晚很晴朗。
It’s full moon tonight.今晚月圓。
In winter it’s/it is dark at six o’clock.今天6點(diǎn)鐘天就黑了。
It is hot/cold/quiet/noisy in this room. 這個(gè)房間里特別熱/冷/安靜/吵鬧。
It’s high tide/low tide.漲潮了/落潮了。
注意下列句子:
It’s/It is three years since I saw him.
相當于:I haven’t seen him for three years.我已經(jīng)有三年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他了。
2.By和before
(1)by a time/date/period:“在那一時(shí)刻/日期或時(shí)期之前”。這種表示方法濃暗指不遲于那一時(shí)刻或日期。
By常常和完成時(shí)態(tài)連用,尤其與將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。
(2)before:“在……之前”。可作介詞、連詞或副詞。如:
Before signing this…在簽署這個(gè)之前……(介詞)
Before you sign this…在你簽署這個(gè)之前……(連詞)
I’ve seen him somewhere before. 我以前在什么地方見(jiàn)到過(guò)他。
3.in, on 和to
in, on 和to 都可與表示“方位”的詞(如east, west, south, north)連用。
(1)表示 A在B的范圍內(即A是B的組成部分之一)時(shí)用in.如:
Our school is in the west of the town.我們學(xué)校在城西。(學(xué)校屬城的一部分)
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國東部。(上海屬中國這個(gè)范圍)
(2)強調A和B兩地接壤時(shí),用on. 如:
Korea is on the east of China. 朝鮮與中國東部接壤。
Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan. 廣東位于湖南以南。
(3)A在B的范圍之外,兩者之間沒(méi)有所屬關(guān)系時(shí)用to。如:
Our school is to the west of the hospital. 我們學(xué)校在醫院的西面。(學(xué)校和醫院之間無(wú)所屬關(guān)系)
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中國東面。(日本與中國之間無(wú)所屬關(guān)系)
4.有關(guān)“be made…”的詞組
(1)be made of 意為“由……制成”,從制成上能看出原材料來(lái)。如:
The chair is made of bamboo.那把椅子是用竹子做的。(從外表能看出是竹子)
(2)be made from意為“由……制成”,從制成品上看不出原材料來(lái),即原材料的本質(zhì)已發(fā)生變化(多為化學(xué)變化)。如:
This paper is made from bamboo.這種紙暖和竹子做的。(從外表上看不出來(lái)是竹子)
(3)be made out of 意為“把……制成”,可代替上面的be madeof/from,在口語(yǔ)中常用。如:
the box is made out of iron.這盒子是鐵做的。
(4)be made into 意為“把……制成”,強調動(dòng)作的完成。主語(yǔ)是原材料,介詞賓語(yǔ)是成品,而上面三個(gè)短語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是成品,介詞賓語(yǔ)是原材料。如:
Waste products from factory can be made into road building material.工廠(chǎng)的廢品可以制成筑路的材料。
(5)be made up of意為“由……組成(構成)”,強調由部分組成整體,可用于人或物。如:
Our class is made up of 56 students.我們班由56名同學(xué)組成。
A computer is made up of many different parts.電腦由很多不同的部件組成。
(6)be made in 意為“在(某地)制成”,后接地點(diǎn)名詞。如:
This car is made in China.這種汽車(chē)是在中國制造的。
(7)be made by 意為“由……制造”,后接指人的名詞,是動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者。如:
This ship model is made by Lily.這個(gè)輪船模型是由莉莉做的。
5.same和similar
(1)same 用來(lái)表示事物毫無(wú)改變或完全相同。如:
I’ve still got the same car as I had before.我現在的汽車(chē)還原來(lái)的那輛。
These two banknotes look exactly the same, though one of them is counterfeit. 雖然這兩張鈔標中有一張是假的,但它們看起來(lái)完全一樣。
(2)similar用來(lái)表示事物在多方面相同,但并非每一細節上都相同。如:
The birds are similar in appearance, but the male is more brightly colored.這種鳥(niǎo)在外表上都很相似,但雄鳥(niǎo)的色澤更為鮮艷。
6.go+現在分詞
表示“從事……”之意,這時(shí)現在分詞作主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。Go 之后所接的現在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的活動(dòng)。如:jogging慢跑,fishing釣魚(yú),dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保齡球,shopping購物,sightseeing游覽,camping露營(yíng)等。
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露營(yíng)。
I’ll go shopping.我去逛商店。
Would you like to go skating with me ? 你想和我去溜冰嗎?
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
it作形式主語(yǔ)的用法
1.It可以引導強調句:
It was Peter who lent us the money.是彼得借了錢(qián)給我們。(不是保羅)
It’s today that he’s going.他是今天走。(不是明天)
It’s pilots that we need, not ground staff.我們需要的是飛行員,不是地勤人員。
2.如不定式是句子主語(yǔ),通常把it置于句首,用作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式放在后面:
It is easy to criticize.批評是容易的。
It is better to be early. 寧早勿晚。
It seems a pity to give up now.現在放棄好像很遺憾。
如果將it+be置于find/think(that)之后通常be和that可省略:
He thought(that)it (would be )better to say nothing.他認為不說(shuō)話(huà)為妙。
We found it impossible to get visas.我們發(fā)現不可能拿到簽證。
3.如句子的主語(yǔ)是從句,通常把it置于句首,用作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式放在后面:
以下的用法是可以的:
That he hasn’t phoned its odd.令人感到奇怪的是他沒(méi)打電話(huà)。
That prices will go up is certain.價(jià)格肯定要上漲。
但是我們通常這樣說(shuō):
It’s odd that he hasn’t phoned.
It’s certain that prices will go up.
4.其他用法:
It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying.我從沒(méi)想到過(guò)他可能是在說(shuō)謊。
It struck me that everyone was unusually silent. 大家都異乎尋常地沉默使我感到吃驚。
5.It/this可代替句中前面提到過(guò)的短語(yǔ)、從句或動(dòng)詞。如:
He smokes in bed, though I don’t like it.(it=his smoking in bed) 他躺在床上抽煙、盡管我不喜歡他這樣。
He suggested flying, but I thougth it would cost too much.(it=flying)他建議坐收音機去,可我認為這樣花費太大。
6.it 還可以充當非人稱(chēng)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)。如:
It seem似乎,看起來(lái)好像
It appears似乎,看來(lái)
It looks 顯得,好像
口語(yǔ)交際
問(wèn)興趣愛(ài)好
1.Are you shopping on-line? 你喜歡在線(xiàn)購物嗎?
Yes. I find it very convenient.是的。我覺(jué)得在線(xiàn)購物很方便。
2.What are you interested in ? /What are your interests? 你有什么興趣?
I’m fond of painting and playing the guitar.我喜歡繪畫(huà)和彈吉他。
3.Do you often watch the NBA Games? 你經(jīng)常看NBA球賽嗎?
Yes ,I’m a big fan of the NBA Games.是的,我是個(gè)NBA的鐵桿球迷。
4.What’s your hobby? 你的愛(ài)好是什么?
My hobby is chatting in English on the Internet.我的愛(ài)好是用英語(yǔ)在網(wǎng)上聊天。
5.Do you have any hobbies? 你有什么愛(ài)好嗎?
I like swimming and bird-watching.我喜歡海灣和賞鳥(niǎo)。
6.What do you do in your spare time? 你在業(yè)余時(shí)間里做些什么?
Nothing special. I usually watch TV.沒(méi)什么特別的。我通常看電視。
7.Do you have any interests? 你有什么興趣嗎?
I have just one-photography. It’s expensive but it’s a lot of fun. 我只有一個(gè)愛(ài)好-攝影。花費很多,但很有趣。
8.What’s your favourite sports? 你最喜歡的運動(dòng)是什么?
Playing basketball.打籃球。
9.Which do you prefer, music or sports? 音樂(lè )和體育,你更喜歡哪一個(gè)?
I like music better.我更喜歡音樂(lè )。
10.Stamp - collecting is a hobby for many people. What about you?集郵是很多人的愛(ài)好。你的愛(ài)好呢?
For me , cycling is both a sport and a hobby. 對我來(lái)說(shuō),騎車(chē)既是一項運動(dòng)又是一項業(yè)余愛(ài)好。
11.Which is more interesting to you, surfing the Internet or computer games? 網(wǎng)上沖浪與電腦游戲相比哪一個(gè)你更有興趣?
12.I’m fond of reading novels, how about you? 我喜歡看小說(shuō)。你呢?
I like writing novel.我喜歡寫(xiě)小說(shuō)。